src: use ranges library (C++20) more systematically

[lemire]

In PR https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/57975, I introduced C++20 ranges as an experiment. This current PR extends the application of ranges to simplify even more code.

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• [ ] @nodejs/config
• [ ] @nodejs/crypto
• [ ] @nodejs/http2
• [ ] @nodejs/net
• [ ] @nodejs/single-executable
• [ ] @nodejs/startup

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 90.90909% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 90.27%. Comparing base (25fe802) to head (0a1606a). Report is 495 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/inspector_socket.cc	0.00%	0 Missing and 1 partial :warning:
src/node.cc	85.71%	0 Missing and 1 partial :warning:
src/node_credentials.cc	0.00%	0 Missing and 1 partial :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main   #58028   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   90.27%   90.27%           
=======================================
  Files         630      630           
  Lines      186159   186147   -12     
  Branches    36473    36474    +1     
=======================================
- Hits       168053   168050    -3     
- Misses      10976    10977    +1     
+ Partials     7130     7120   -10     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/cleanup_queue.cc	85.00% <100.00%> (-0.72%)	:arrow_down:
src/crypto/crypto_util.cc	72.26% <100.00%> (+0.25%)	:arrow_up:
src/inspector_socket_server.cc	85.32% <100.00%> (ø)
src/node_dotenv.cc	84.53% <100.00%> (ø)
src/node_http2.h	91.61% <100.00%> (-0.05%)	:arrow_down:
src/node_messaging.cc	82.62% <100.00%> (+0.13%)	:arrow_up:
src/node_platform.cc	88.67% <100.00%> (-0.03%)	:arrow_down:
src/node_process_object.cc	86.17% <100.00%> (-0.12%)	:arrow_down:
src/node_report.cc	93.22% <100.00%> (-0.02%)	:arrow_down:
src/node_sea.cc	91.28% <100.00%> (-0.03%)	:arrow_down:
... and 5 more

... and 20 files with indirect coverage changes

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[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/66462/

[nodejs-github-bot]

Landed in 2e9e844d99d7880099736829f1c19b939a2436e3