assert: adds partialDeepEqual, partialDeepStrictEqual, includes

[puskin94]

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/50399

Took heavy inspiration from https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/53415 , trying to push it to the finish line 🚀

On top of it, I took the liberty of:

1. refactor the code a bit
2. wrote more documentation
3. added more tests and restructured old ones
4. added includes and includesStrict methods
5. implement previously reported comments / suggestions

Co-Authored-By: Cristian Barlutiu