feat: add asdf version manager

[lukasholzer]

🎉 Thanks for submitting a pull request! 🎉

Summary

Fixes #787

As a preparation to make our build image working with arm64 we should get rid of a lot of installers therefore let's add asdf as this was requested anyways

List of available plugins:

https://github.com/asdf-vm/asdf-plugins

to install a plugin you can do so:

RUN asdf plugin add ruby && \
    asdf plugin add nodejs && \
    asdf plugin add golang && \
    asdf plugin add python && \
    asdf plugin add hugo && \
    asdf plugin add php && \
    asdf plugin add rust && \
    asdf plugin add clojure

# install a version
RUN asdf install golang 1.18

---

For us to review and ship your PR efficiently, please perform the following steps:

• [ ] Open a bug/issue before writing your code 🧑‍💻. This ensures we can discuss the changes and get feedback from everyone that should be involved. If you`re fixing a typo or something that`s on fire 🔥 (e.g. incident related), you can skip this step.
• [ ] Read the contribution guidelines 📖. This ensures your code follows our style guide and passes our tests.
• [ ] Update or add tests (if any source code was changed or added) 🧪
• [ ] Update the included software doc (if you updated included software) 📄
• [ ] Update or add documentation (if features were changed or added) 📝
• [ ] Make sure the status checks below are successful ✅

A picture of a cute animal (not mandatory, but encouraged)