Tornado Web Server

Tornado <http://www.tornadoweb.org>_ is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library, originally developed at FriendFeed <http://friendfeed.com>. By using non-blocking network I/O, Tornado can scale to tens of thousands of open connections, making it ideal for long polling <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_technology#Long_polling>, WebSockets <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebSocket>_, and other applications that require a long-lived connection to each user.

Upgrade notes

As of Tornado 3.2, the backports.ssl_match_hostname <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/backports.ssl_match_hostname>_ package must be installed when running Tornado on Python 2. This will be installed automatically when using pip or easy_install.

Quick links

• Documentation <http://www.tornadoweb.org/en/stable/>_
• Source (github) <https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado>_
• Mailing list <http://groups.google.com/group/python-tornado>_
• Stack Overflow <http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/tornado>_
• Wiki <https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado/wiki/Links>_

Hello, world

Here is a simple "Hello, world" example web app for Tornado::

import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web

class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        self.write("Hello, world")

application = tornado.web.Application([
    (r"/", MainHandler),
])

if __name__ == "__main__":
    application.listen(8888)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

This example does not use any of Tornado's asynchronous features; for that see this simple chat room <https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado/tree/master/demos/chat>_.

Installation

Automatic installation::

pip install tornado

Tornado is listed in PyPI <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/tornado/>_ and can be installed with pip or easy_install. Note that the source distribution includes demo applications that are not present when Tornado is installed in this way, so you may wish to download a copy of the source tarball as well.

Manual installation: Download the latest source from PyPI <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/tornado/>_.

.. parsed-literal::

tar xvzf tornado-$VERSION.tar.gz
cd tornado-$VERSION
python setup.py build
sudo python setup.py install

The Tornado source code is hosted on GitHub <https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado>_.

Prerequisites: Tornado runs on Python 2.6, 2.7, 3.2, and 3.3. On Python 2, the backports.ssl_match_hostname <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/backports.ssl_match_hostname>_ package must be installed (This will be installed automatically when using pip or easy_install); on Python 3 there are no strict dependencies outside the standard library. Some Tornado features may require one of the following optional libraries:

• unittest2 <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/unittest2>_ is needed to run Tornado's test suite on Python 2.6 (it is unnecessary on more recent versions of Python)
• concurrent.futures <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/futures>_ is the recommended thread pool for use with Tornado and enables the use of tornado.netutil.ThreadedResolver. It is needed only on Python 2; Python 3 includes this package in the standard library.
• pycurl <http://pycurl.sourceforge.net>_ is used by the optional tornado.curl_httpclient. Libcurl version 7.18.2 or higher is required; version 7.21.1 or higher is recommended.
• Twisted <http://www.twistedmatrix.com>_ may be used with the classes in tornado.platform.twisted.
• pycares <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pycares>_ is an alternative non-blocking DNS resolver that can be used when threads are not appropriate.
• Monotime <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Monotime>_ adds support for a monotonic clock, which improves reliability in environments where clock adjustments are frequent. No longer needed in Python 3.3.

Platforms: Tornado should run on any Unix-like platform, although for the best performance and scalability only Linux (with epoll) and BSD (with kqueue) are recommended for production deployment (even though Mac OS X is derived from BSD and supports kqueue, its networking performance is generally poor so it is recommended only for development use). Tornado will also run on Windows, although this configuration is not officially supported and is recommended only for development use.

Discussion and support

You can discuss Tornado on the Tornado developer mailing list <http://groups.google.com/group/python-tornado>, and report bugs on the GitHub issue tracker <https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado/issues>. Links to additional resources can be found on the Tornado wiki <https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado/wiki/Links>. New releases are announced on the announcements mailing list <http://groups.google.com/group/python-tornado-announce>.

Tornado is one of Facebook's open source technologies <http://developers.facebook.com/opensource/>. It is available under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html>.

This web site and all documentation is licensed under Creative Commons 3.0 <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/>_.