Issues w/ softmax procedure

[Niminem]

Firstly, I had to modify the arraymancer import to exclude 'softmax' procedure and then include it separately like so: import arraymancer except softmax import arraymancer/nn/activation/softmax

If I don't do this, the only version I'm getting is this one: nnp_softmax.softmax: proc (input: Tensor[softmax.T]): Tensor[softmax.T]

Which would throw an error because it accepts Tensors where as I need the version that accepts Variable[TT], defined here: https://github.com/mratsim/Arraymancer/blob/master/src/arraymancer/nn/activation/softmax.nim (because this is needed in my custom forward procedure)

When I did this, I'm STILL getting an error thrown although it's something different:

/Users/salient/Desktop/CatsVDogs/main.nim(75, 26) template/generic instantiation of forward from here /Users/salient/Desktop/CatsVDogs/main.nim(63, 9) template/generic instantiation of softmax from here /Users/salient/.nimble/pkgs/arraymancer-0.7.11/arraymancer/nn/activation/softmax.nim(58, 11) template/generic instantiation of softmax_cache from here /Users/salient/.nimble/pkgs/arraymancer-0.7.11/arraymancer/nn/activation/softmax.nim(42, 24) template/generic instantiation of softmax_backward_ag from here /Users/salient/.nimble/pkgs/arraymancer-0.7.11/arraymancer/nn/activation/softmax.nim(23, 35) Error: type mismatch: got <type Gate> but expected 'SoftmaxActivation[Tensor[system.float32]]'

Any explanation for what this is and/or how to fix it?

I do see an open issue that looks somewhat relevant but not too sure: https://github.com/mratsim/Arraymancer/issues/472

[Vindaar]

Could you provide a small reproducible example?

[Niminem]

import std/strformat
import arraymancer except softmax # by default, this softmax signature is proc (input: Tensor[softmax.T]): Tensor[softmax.T]
import arraymancer/nn/activation/softmax # this is the softmax we need softmax*[TT](a: Variable[TT]): Variable[TT]

let (N, D_in, H, D_out) = (64, 1000, 100, 10)
let ctx = newContext Tensor[float32]

let
  x = ctx.variable(randomTensor[float32](N, D_in, 1'f32))
  y = randomTensor[float32](N, D_out, 1'f32)

network ctx, TwoLayersNet:
  layers:
    fc1: Linear(D_in, H)
    fc2: Linear(H, D_out)
  forward x:
    x.fc1.relu.fc2.softmax

let
  model = ctx.init(TwoLayersNet)
  optim = model.optimizerSGD(learning_rate = 1e-4'f32)

for t in 0 ..< 500:
  let
    y_pred = model.forward(x)
    loss = y_pred.mse_loss(y)

  echo &"Epoch {t}: loss {loss.value[0]}"

  loss.backprop()
  optim.update()

[Niminem]

@Vindaar the above is the "simple 2 layer" example modified to simply add softmax in the forward. It produces the same error as above

[Vindaar]

Thanks! I felt so free as to update your comment and turn it into an actual code snippet.

Will check it out.

[Niminem]

Thanks Vindaar for your fast response and comment edit lol I'm still getting used to Github markdown

[Niminem]

I've modified the softmax_backward_ag[TT] procedure to pass in self rather than Gate: (see below) reference: https://github.com/mratsim/Arraymancer/blob/master/src/arraymancer/nn/activation/softmax.nim

proc softmax_backward_ag[TT](self: Gate[TT], payload: Payload[TT]): SmallDiffs[TT] =
  let self = SoftmaxActivation[TT](self)#(Gate)
  let gradient = payload.variable.grad
  result = newDiffs[TT](1)
  result[0] = gradient.softmax_backward(self.cache)

This matches what I've found while looking at how relu is implemented. It took care of this error that was raised: type mismatch: got <type Gate> but expected 'SoftmaxActivation[Tensor[system.float32]]'

However, now I get this error: attempting to call undeclared routine: 'softmax_backward'

After a search through the docs I see we don't have the softmax_backward procedure as mentioned in this issue: https://github.com/mratsim/Arraymancer/issues/472

[Niminem]

@Vindaar please review when you can

[Niminem]

@Vindaar my good sir can we please get this implemented lol

[Vindaar]

Can you please ping me about this on matrix/discord on the weekend, if I haven't looked into this by then?

[Vindaar]

Ok, I just had a look at it.

As you've mentioned yourself, the practical problem is that the backward pass for softmax is not implemented. After looking into it now, I realize that the (likely) reason for that is that the backward pass of a pure softmax is rather ugly, because the softmax itself is defined via a sum of all parameters. In essence then the gradient results in something that depends on the specific indices (you have a δij in the derivative):

∂sm(x_i) / ∂x_j = sm(x_j) · ( δij - sm(x_i) )

(sorry for somewhat sloppy notation)

See for example: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softmax_function

That's why typically one combines the softmax on the last layer directly with a cross entropy loss, for which the gradient is easy to compute.

I don't have the time & mental space atm to figure out how to efficiently implement this (if even possible?). If someone is willing to do so, feel free. Otherwise I'd just recommend to do what one normally does, i.e. use softmax_cross_entropy)

[Niminem]

Shit, thanks for looking into it Vindaar. I will take a look when I finally get the time and mental space as well lol