Issues with Modelica.Blocks.Math.ContinuousMean

[HansOlsson]

I see two problems:

• It is not possible to set another startTime as for most blocks, see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70124980/dymola-modelica-how-can-i-calculate-the-mean-of-a-signal-only-in-the-steady-st/70127878 (a previous issue was that startTime had no effect).
• It is using an odd formula - without any explanation. I would guess it is for performance reasons, but I don't see that it actually gains anything. It might also be to gain precision - see comments at the end. The downside of the formulation is that it has a singularity that will mess with integrators, even if worked around.

https://github.com/modelica/ModelicaStandardLibrary/blob/8d090810980e1e2e51559721cdd4c267a4c849ae/Modelica/Blocks/Math.mo#L2318-L2319

I would propose the simpler:

  parameter Real startTime=0;
protected 
  Real mu(start=0, fixed=true) "Internal integrator variable";
equation 
  der(mu) = if time>=startTime then u else 0;
  y       = noEvent(if time > startTime + t_eps then mu/(time-startTime) else u);

Basically just integrating the signal and dividing by time. Note that we can safely skip "t_eps" with this formulation due to the subtle change.

If we for some reason really need the extra precision I would propose switching between the two formulas after some time, i.e. use the simple formula for the first part and then switch to the current formula.

[beutlich]

W.r.t. units the proposed change LGTM. Should mu and startTime be of type Modelica.Units.SI.Time?

[tobolar]

mu shall be of type Real, so that the unit can be deduced depending on y.

[christiankral]

I am in favor of the proposed change for the sake of having startTime consistently implemented.

I would yet like to comment that this change could cause a non-backwards compatible effect. If a simulation model of user has a simulation start time less than zero, the new implementation of the ContinuousMean model would behave differently as the start time is 0 by default but it was time at the initial time previously.

We might overcome this (unlikely case) by

1. parameter SI.Time startTime = -Modelica.Constant.inf; // Which I do not like
2. Describe the possible effect in the documentation

[henrikt-ma]

I would yet like to comment that this change could cause a non-backwards compatible effect. If a simulation model of user has a simulation start time less than zero, the new implementation of the ContinuousMean model would behave differently as the start time is 0 by default but it was time at the initial time previously.

To me it would seem reasonable to try to restore this behavior rather than documenting the degraded functionality as a known potential issue.

(But I don't see exactly how initializing with -Modelica.Constant.inf could solve the problem. To me, it looks like this would just make der(mu) more or less zero.)

[HansOlsson]

I am in favor of the proposed change for the sake of having startTime consistently implemented.

I would yet like to comment that this change could cause a non-backwards compatible effect. If a simulation model of user has a simulation start time less than zero, the new implementation of the ContinuousMean model would behave differently as the start time is 0 by default but it was time at the initial time previously.

Ok, that is tricky - I assume something like the following will work:

  parameter Real startTime=-Modelica.Constants.inf;
protected 
  parameter Real t_0(fixed=false);
  Real mu(start=0, fixed=true) "Internal integrator variable";
  parameter Real actualStartTime=max(t_0, startTime);
initial equation
  t_0=time;
equation 
  der(mu) = if time>=actualStartTime then u else 0;
  y       = noEvent(if time > actualStartTime  then mu/(time-actualStartTime) else u);

(Or possibly having actualStartTime with fixed=false as well, might be more readable).

In general I see two problems with sources:

• They have startTime=0 so we get this problem with starting before time=0 everywhere, e.g., when trying to test it with sine-source I stumbled on the same issue with the sine-source.
• Many/most have a discontinuity at startTime - that is problematic; I noted sinc as a particular bad example.