When I was reading the paper, I had the following puzzles. Can you help me solve them?

[xingjunhong]

Thank you very much for publishing such a good paper. I have some doubts when reading the paper. I hope you can help me answer it.

What problems do boundary forms and gradients solve?

Why use boundary forms and gradients?

How should I understand this formula?

[mk-minchul]

Hi xingjunhong Thanks for the interest but I am not sure what the question is. For discussion related to the gradient, I would like to check out this discussion, https://github.com/mk-minchul/AdaFace/issues/24 and see if it helps.

[xingjunhong]

嗨 xingjunhong 感谢您的关注，但我不确定问题是什么。 对于与渐变相关的讨论，我想看看这个讨论，#24看看它是否有帮助。

I want to know how Wj got here??

[xingjunhong]