Feature: make an installation result on exit; print it to STDOUT and/or write it to a JSON file

[pzhlkj6612]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.

The proposed language is already a big improvement, but I think we could go further.

I’ve noticed in other issues here and on install-Qt-action that it’s often a little difficult to know exactly what aqtinstall has done, for instance, what version it installed, what directory it used, what’s the path to qmake, etc. In the case of android/wasm/qt6/--autodesktop, it could be useful to add additional info about the desktop version installed, or expected to be installed.

We could do something like: at the end of a successful installation, log all that data with the INFO tag. Another option could be to print it in a json file with some predefined format, so the user doesn’t have to parse stdout messages that may change over time. IDK, maybe that should be a separate issue from this.

Originally posted by @ddalcino in https://github.com/miurahr/aqtinstall/issues/646#issuecomment-1426289251

Describe the solution you'd like

Just an example. After a successful installation, the output in STDOUT could be like this:

$ ./aqt ...
INFO: greeting! I'm aqtinstall v2.0.2.2 ...
WARN: hey, you're using deprecated components.
DEBUG: redirect to Qt Launch Complex...
DEBUG: download the top secret docs...
DEBUG: patching your clothes...
INFO: done, here are your rewards:
  Qt version: 2.0.2.3
  Qt installation path: /Where/is/my/Qt
  qmake path: ...
  CMake config path: ...
  Qt modules:
    - m
    - o
    - d
  Qt tools:
    - qt.tools.ninja @ /Galaxy/SolarSystem/Earth/Japan
    - qt.tools.win128_rocket @ ...
  0 error(s), 1 warning(s).

(looks like a YAML document, doesn't it?)

All details will not show when using the normal log level, so a normal user will see:

$ ./aqt ...
INFO: greeting! ...
WARN: deprecated info...

            2000 YEARS
              LATER

INFO: done, ... (see above) ...

Describe alternatives you've considered

Null.

Additional context

None.