Reverted `packer` to version 1.9.5 and patched its CVEs.

[PawelWMS]

Merge Checklist

All boxes should be checked before merging the PR (just tick any boxes which don't apply to this PR)

• [X] The toolchain has been rebuilt successfully (or no changes were made to it)
• [X] The toolchain/worker package manifests are up-to-date
• [X] Any updated packages successfully build (or no packages were changed)
• [X] Packages depending on static components modified in this PR (Golang, *-static subpackages, etc.) have had their Release tag incremented.
• [X] Package tests (%check section) have been verified with RUN_CHECK=y for existing SPEC files, or added to new SPEC files
• [X] All package sources are available
• [X] cgmanifest files are up-to-date and sorted (./cgmanifest.json, ./toolkit/scripts/toolchain/cgmanifest.json, .github/workflows/cgmanifest.json)
• [X] LICENSE-MAP files are up-to-date (./SPECS/LICENSES-AND-NOTICES/data/licenses.json, ./SPECS/LICENSES-AND-NOTICES/LICENSES-MAP.md, ./SPECS/LICENSES-AND-NOTICES/LICENSE-EXCEPTIONS.PHOTON)
• [X] All source files have up-to-date hashes in the *.signatures.json files
• [X] sudo make go-tidy-all and sudo make go-test-coverage pass
• [X] Documentation has been updated to match any changes to the build system
• [X] Ready to merge

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Summary

Reverting packer to version 1.9.5, which still used the MPL 2.0 license. Also backporting fixes for CVEs fixed in the newer versions.

Does this affect the toolchain?

No.

Associated issues

• #9553

Links to CVEs

• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3064
• https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49569

Test Methodology

• PR check.

[PawelWMS]

Ptest note: the one failing ptest is libguestfs, which is a known failing test and it's not a regression. The change is good to merge once approved by @microsoft/cbl-mariner-stable-maintainers.

[CBL-Mariner-Bot]

Auto cherry-pick results:

• main :white_check_mark: -> https://github.com/microsoft/azurelinux/pull/9854

Auto cherry-pick pipeline run -> https://dev.azure.com/mariner-org/mariner/_build/results?buildId=606353&view=results