chore: modernize development infrastructure and build configuration

[sfo2001]

• Add PEP 621 [project] section to pyproject.toml for dual Poetry/standard packaging support
• Enhance CI/CD workflow with improved Python 3.10-3.13 testing matrix and caching
• Add comprehensive development tooling: pytest-asyncio, pytest-cov, mypy, pylint-protobuf
• Improve pylint configuration with protobuf support and better rule management
• Add pytest configuration with asyncio mode and coverage reporting
• Update Makefile with coverage reporting and enhanced pylint integration