Annotate `axscript.client.error` module and remove redundant code

[Avasam]

Built on top of https://github.com/mhammond/pywin32/pull/2235/files#r1545016331 and #2211

• Annotated all params in axscript.client.error
• Fixed type issues
• Update code to not rely on tuple length (also closes #2233 )
• Removed redundant exc_type and tb params that can be extracted from the error itself.
  • To retain backwards compatibility, I've left the params in AXScriptException.__init__ with a DeprecationWarning since it's public. (if you think this shouldn't have been called directly by any user code, then I can remove the parameters entirely)

I'm not sure what the assignements to None I removed were doing, please let me know if and how they were important.