[dynamic_color] Add tone-based colors to color scheme

[hasali19]

Description

Adds the new tone-based colors from Flutter 3.22 to the color scheme.

On API >= 34, the color values are retrieved directly from the Android OS.

On API >= 31, the existing core palette will continue to be used, with the mappings taken from https://github.com/material-components/material-components-android/blob/master/docs/theming/Color.md.

Issues

Fixes #574, #582

Checklist

• [x] I've reviewed the contribution guide.
• [x] I've updated the package CHANGELOG.md