Make devcontainer setup more robust

[maehr]

The current devcontainer setup can be improved for greater robustness and maintainability. As a reference, see the detailed configuration in mcanouil/quarto-codespaces/.devcontainer/universal/devcontainer.json, which includes advanced Docker build options, extensive features for R, Python, and Julia, and comprehensive VS Code customizations.

Suggested improvements:

• Add or update Docker build arguments and labels for better image metadata and traceability.
• Integrate more comprehensive feature sets for common data science languages (R, Python, Julia), similar to the referenced file.
• Improve VS Code extension and settings coverage for reproducible developer environments.
• Consider advanced options for dependency management and environment isolation.
• Document the configuration for easier onboarding and contributions.

Reference:

• mcanouil/quarto-codespaces/.devcontainer/universal/devcontainer.json

Please review the reference and adapt relevant parts to strengthen the devcontainer setup for this project.