Updates dev.Dockerfile to do an editable install of cartography with uv

[achantavy]

Summary

Describe your changes.

• Updates dev.Dockerfile to do an editable install of cartography source tree with uv.
  • dev.Dockerfile is intended for lint, unit, and integration testing of cartography, so an editable install is necessary.
  • As shown in the video below, this change also fixes debug breakpoint behavior in IDEs like Pycharm.
• Also fixes uv.lock so that uv sync --dev no longer crashes.
• Updates dev docs on how to use uv with cartography dev.

Checklist

Provide proof that this works (this makes reviews move faster). Please perform one or more of the following:

• [ ] Update/add unit or integration tests.
• [x] Include a screenshot showing what the graph looked like before and after your changes.

Before https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/933c5292-2c2c-440b-8200-1c23a4ea6b30

After https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/64a099a2-982d-4031-a72a-117d12327af9

• [ ] Include console log trace showing what happened before and after your changes.

[achantavy]

@jychp -- I'm open for feedback here haha. Future PR should probably fix the pyproject.toml so that uv install actually works

[achantavy]

cc: @d-aggarwal -- this might help with your uv struggles