refactor: move graph responsibilities from routing.ChannelRouter to new graph.Builder

[ellemouton]

This PR achieves 2 goals:

1. Moves graph building and maintaining responsibilities from the ChannelRouter to the new graph.Builder. These responsibilities include:

   • graph pruning
   • validation of new network updates & persisting new updates (the validation should actually be completely within the gossiper but let's do that in another PR)
   • notifying topology update clients of any changes.

2. Removes the ChannelRouter's direct access to the channeldb.ChannelGraph pointer and replace it with an interface instead. This will open up the possibility of providing various other types of graph backends.

This chips away at the first few steps noted in issue #8833 and also takes a step towards #8835 since with this PR, the ChannelRouter now only does path finding and payments.

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[Roasbeef]

cc @calvinrzachman

[ellemouton]

Thanks for the review @Roasbeef 🚀 Squashed in the latest approach - this is ready for another look 👍

[lightninglabs-deploy]

@ellemouton, remember to re-request review from reviewers when ready

[ellemouton]

Note that the two required failing tests (unit cover and neutrino itest) are failing at result-upload time. The actual checks have passed.