feat(Probability): Rename `Adapted` to `StronglyAdapted` and add `Adapted `

[DavidLedvinka]

Rename the currently named Adapted to StronglyAdapted (since it requires strong measurability) and add Adapted. Also add theorems which state when one property implies the other and when they are equivalent.

[github-actions[bot]]

PR summary 857abcc1c2

Import changes for modified files

No significant changes to the import graph

Import changes for all files

Files	Import difference

---

Declarations diff

+ Adapted.stronglyAdapted + Filtration.stronglyAdapted_natural + Measurable_le + Predictable.stronglyAdapted + StronglyAdapted + StronglyAdapted.adapted + StronglyAdapted.integrable_upcrossingsBefore + StronglyAdapted.isStoppingTime_crossing + StronglyAdapted.isStoppingTime_leastGE + StronglyAdapted.isStoppingTime_lowerCrossingTime + StronglyAdapted.isStoppingTime_upperCrossingTime + StronglyAdapted.measurable_upcrossings + StronglyAdapted.measurable_upcrossingsBefore + StronglyAdapted.progMeasurable_of_continuous + StronglyAdapted.progMeasurable_of_discrete + StronglyAdapted.upcrossingStrat + div + mul + smul + stronglyAdapted_const + stronglyAdapted_const' + stronglyAdapted_iff_adapted + stronglyAdapted_zero + stronglyAdapted_zero' ++ stronglyAdapted +-+ stronglyMeasurable - Adapted.integrable_upcrossingsBefore - Adapted.isStoppingTime_crossing - Adapted.isStoppingTime_leastGE - Adapted.isStoppingTime_lowerCrossingTime - Adapted.isStoppingTime_upperCrossingTime - Adapted.measurable_upcrossings - Adapted.measurable_upcrossingsBefore - Adapted.progMeasurable_of_continuous - Adapted.progMeasurable_of_discrete - Adapted.upcrossingStrat_adapted - Filtration.adapted_natural - Predictable.adapted - adapted_zero - adapted_zero' -++ inv --+--+ adapted

You can run this locally as follows

## summary with just the declaration names:
./scripts/declarations_diff.sh <optional_commit>

## more verbose report:
./scripts/declarations_diff.sh long <optional_commit>

The doc-module for script/declarations_diff.sh contains some details about this script.

---

No changes to technical debt.

You can run this locally as

./scripts/technical-debt-metrics.sh pr_summary

• The relative value is the weighted sum of the differences with weight given by the inverse of the current value of the statistic.
• The absolute value is the relative value divided by the total sum of the inverses of the current values (i.e. the weighted average of the differences).

[kex-y]

Can you separate out renaming as a different PR?

[DavidLedvinka]

Can you separate out renaming as a different PR?

Done: #33063

[mathlib4-dependent-issues-bot]

This PR/issue depends on:

• leanprover-community/mathlib4#33063 By Dependent Issues (🤖). Happy coding!