Publish images to new staging registry

[IrvingMg]

What type of PR is this?

/kind feature

What this PR does / why we need it:

As discussed in https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kueue/pull/2377#issuecomment-2179242565 and https://kubernetes.slack.com/archives/CCK68P2Q2/p1718819420490889, we should start publishing Kueue images to us-central1-docker.pkg.dev/k8s-staging-images/kueue.

Moreover, once https://github.com/kubernetes/k8s.io/pull/6910 is merged, we're going to have a staging repo for charts in us-central1-docker.pkg.dev/k8s-staging-images/charts.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

Relates to #2377

Special notes for your reviewer:

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?

NONE