chore(deps): Update dependencies

[reneleonhardt]

• Update to Go 1.22.2
• Update dependencies where possible
• Apply security updates where possible
• Update to Ubuntu 24.04
• Update to Debian Bookworm

Upgrading containerd, go-dap and the rest of security findings would have required code changes / migrations. They should be done after this PR has been merged.

Please double-check if everything is working as expected. Why is Dependabot not updating GitHub Actions? 🤔

I recommend integrating https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy-action into the workflows.