Updated base to Debian Bookworm with additional necessary changes

[balamut-google]

Attempt to update the base image to Debian Bookworm. This triggered a few other necessary changes:

• AdoptOpenJDK repository is no longer active and the earliest JDK version that is available on Adoptium (which is the recommended replacement) is 17
• Rust version was bumped up to 1.81 as https://github.com/indygreg/apple-platform-rs can not be built with earlier versions
• GVM now requires hexdump binary to work, hence installation of bsdmainutils

[knative-prow[bot]]

Welcome @balamut-google! It looks like this is your first PR to knative/test-infra 🎉

[knative-prow[bot]]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is NOT APPROVED

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[dprotaso]

Hey @balamut-google the project is using knative/infra repository now instead of this one.

@upodroid @cardil can we archive this repo?

[dprotaso]

Closing this out.