Add Python 3.11 support

[jobovy]

This PR tracks progress towards fully supporting Python 3.11 (expected Oct 3 2022). Any necessary fixes will be done separately outside of this PR, so actual Python 3.11 support can be achieved for many platforms before achieving it for all.

Current status:

• Linux works, but can't run tests dependent on JAX or numba, because they do not support Python 3.11 yet. This affects only the spherical DFs (for JAX) and the non-inertial-frame force tests
  • [ ] Test JAX-dependent code
  • [ ] Test numba-dependent code
• Mac works, at least the orbit tests that we run in the CI
• Windows untested, because Windows tests use conda in the CI and conda does not support Python 3.11 yet.
  • [ ] Run Windows tests
  • [ ] Update appveyor tests as well

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Base: 99.83% // Head: 80.22% // Decreases project coverage by -19.60% :warning:

Coverage data is based on head (508b3da) compared to base (2504a31). Patch has no changes to coverable lines.

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #503       +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage   99.83%   80.22%   -19.61%     
===========================================
  Files         196      196               
  Lines       27379    27382        +3     
===========================================
- Hits        27333    21968     -5365     
- Misses         46     5414     +5368     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
galpy/potential/potential_c_ext/KGPotential.c	0.00% <0.00%> (-100.00%)	:arrow_down:
...py/potential/potential_c_ext/SpiralArmsPotential.c	0.00% <0.00%> (-100.00%)	:arrow_down:
...y/potential/potential_c_ext/CosmphiDiskPotential.c	0.00% <0.00%> (-100.00%)	:arrow_down:
...y/potential/potential_c_ext/HenonHeilesPotential.c	0.00% <0.00%> (-100.00%)	:arrow_down:
.../potential/potential_c_ext/LopsidedDiskPotential.c	0.00% <0.00%> (-100.00%)	:arrow_down:
.../potential/potential_c_ext/NonInertialFrameForce.c	0.00% <0.00%> (-100.00%)	:arrow_down:
...otential/potential_c_ext/IsothermalDiskPotential.c	0.00% <0.00%> (-100.00%)	:arrow_down:
...tial/potential_c_ext/TransientLogSpiralPotential.c	0.00% <0.00%> (-100.00%)	:arrow_down:
...otential_c_ext/SolidBodyRotationWrapperPotential.c	0.00% <0.00%> (-100.00%)	:arrow_down:
...tential_c_ext/CorotatingRotationWrapperPotential.c	0.00% <0.00%> (-100.00%)	:arrow_down:
... and 95 more

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