chore: update Go version to 1.24 in workflows and Dockerfile

[arya2004]

This pull request includes updates to the Go version used in various configuration files to ensure consistency across the project. The most important changes include updating the Go version in the GitHub Actions workflows and the Dockerfile.

Updates to Go version:

• .github/workflows/build.yml: Updated the goversion from 1.23.0 to 1.24.0.
• .github/workflows/go.yml: Updated the go-version from 1.23 to 1.24.
• Dockerfile: Updated the base image from golang:1.22.6-alpine3.20 to golang:1.24-alpine3.20.

[CorentinB]

Hey @arya2004 thanks for your contribution but I'm sorry you opened this PR just before we finally merged dev/v2 in the main branch! Feel free to review your changes to see if/how they apply to the new main branch. :)