input-output-hk
Create BLS accumulator benchmarks with UTxO
Fixes https://github.com/cardano-scaling/hydra/issues/1666
- [ ] CHANGELOG updated or not needed
- [ ] Documentation updated or not needed
- [ ] Haddocks updated or not needed
- [ ] No new TODOs introduced or explained herafter
Transaction costs
Sizes and execution budgets for Hydra protocol transactions. Note that unlisted parameters are currently using arbitrary values and results are not fully deterministic and comparable to previous runs.
| Metadata | |
|---|---|
| Generated at | 2025-11-10 14:13:05.31667382 UTC |
| Max. memory units | 14000000 |
| Max. CPU units | 10000000000 |
| Max. tx size (kB) | 16384 |
Script summary
| Name | Hash | Size (Bytes) |
|---|---|---|
| νInitial | c8a101a5c8ac4816b0dceb59ce31fc2258e387de828f02961d2f2045 | 2652 |
| νCommit | 61458bc2f297fff3cc5df6ac7ab57cefd87763b0b7bd722146a1035c | 685 |
| νHead | e93fdca2467a7aac18e88f63b0f474a78abfba366bdd92078d7f8351 | 14855 |
| μHead | 7abbe644c0bd13fa58c9d34699d054e13bb30cde2cc61d30858284e9* | 5316 |
| νDeposit | ae01dade3a9c346d5c93ae3ce339412b90a0b8f83f94ec6baa24e30c | 1102 |
- The minting policy hash is only usable for comparison. As the script is parameterized, the actual script is unique per head.
Init transaction costs
| Parties | Tx size | % max Mem | % max CPU | Min fee ₳ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5869 | 11.04 | 3.52 | 0.52 |
| 2 | 6073 | 12.67 | 4.01 | 0.55 |
| 3 | 6268 | 14.72 | 4.66 | 0.58 |
| 5 | 6672 | 19.10 | 6.05 | 0.64 |
| 10 | 7678 | 28.81 | 9.07 | 0.79 |
| 43 | 14314 | 98.76 | 30.86 | 1.80 |
Commit transaction costs
This uses ada-only outputs for better comparability.
| UTxO | Tx size | % max Mem | % max CPU | Min fee ₳ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 561 | 2.44 | 1.16 | 0.20 |
| 2 | 741 | 3.38 | 1.73 | 0.22 |
| 3 | 920 | 4.36 | 2.33 | 0.24 |
| 5 | 1283 | 6.41 | 3.60 | 0.28 |
| 10 | 2172 | 12.13 | 7.25 | 0.40 |
| 54 | 10062 | 98.61 | 68.52 | 1.88 |
CollectCom transaction costs
| Parties | UTxO (bytes) | Tx size | % max Mem | % max CPU | Min fee ₳ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 57 | 525 | 24.42 | 7.12 | 0.42 |
| 2 | 113 | 636 | 34.27 | 9.87 | 0.53 |
| 3 | 169 | 747 | 43.92 | 12.57 | 0.63 |
| 4 | 226 | 858 | 53.93 | 15.36 | 0.73 |
| 5 | 282 | 969 | 55.79 | 16.16 | 0.76 |
| 6 | 338 | 1081 | 68.24 | 19.61 | 0.89 |
| 7 | 394 | 1192 | 86.69 | 24.39 | 1.08 |
| 8 | 450 | 1303 | 96.75 | 27.29 | 1.19 |
Cost of Increment Transaction
| Parties | Tx size | % max Mem | % max CPU | Min fee ₳ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2139 | 24.34 | 7.81 | 0.50 |
| 2 | 2336 | 25.94 | 9.07 | 0.53 |
| 3 | 2678 | 28.47 | 10.69 | 0.58 |
| 5 | 2930 | 30.14 | 12.93 | 0.62 |
| 10 | 4134 | 39.60 | 21.07 | 0.80 |
| 38 | 10848 | 95.79 | 89.93 | 2.05 |
Cost of Decrement Transaction
| Parties | Tx size | % max Mem | % max CPU | Min fee ₳ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 630 | 22.82 | 7.39 | 0.42 |
| 2 | 770 | 24.36 | 8.52 | 0.44 |
| 3 | 852 | 24.09 | 9.10 | 0.45 |
| 5 | 1698 | 30.03 | 12.76 | 0.56 |
| 10 | 3154 | 40.77 | 21.65 | 0.77 |
| 38 | 10298 | 96.15 | 95.56 | 2.07 |
Close transaction costs
| Parties | Tx size | % max Mem | % max CPU | Min fee ₳ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 846 | 30.07 | 9.22 | 0.50 |
| 2 | 979 | 31.22 | 10.27 | 0.52 |
| 3 | 1215 | 36.26 | 12.46 | 0.59 |
| 5 | 2089 | 38.74 | 15.41 | 0.67 |
| 10 | 3518 | 49.34 | 24.66 | 0.88 |
| 33 | 9985 | 99.80 | 90.72 | 2.05 |
Contest transaction costs
| Parties | Tx size | % max Mem | % max CPU | Min fee ₳ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 6719 | 36.08 | 12.44 | 0.83 |
| 2 | 7029 | 38.33 | 15.51 | 0.88 |
| 3 | 7200 | 41.90 | 18.89 | 0.94 |
| 5 | 7489 | 45.35 | 24.71 | 1.02 |
| 10 | 7953 | 59.20 | 39.70 | 1.26 |
| 25 | 9775 | 96.86 | 81.33 | 1.95 |
Abort transaction costs
There is some variation due to the random mixture of initial and already committed outputs.
| Parties | Tx size | % max Mem | % max CPU | Min fee ₳ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5847 | 26.92 | 9.04 | 0.69 |
| 2 | 5993 | 35.91 | 12.06 | 0.79 |
| 3 | 6147 | 45.96 | 15.49 | 0.90 |
| 4 | 6197 | 51.38 | 17.27 | 0.96 |
| 5 | 6481 | 64.85 | 21.87 | 1.12 |
| 6 | 6509 | 73.50 | 24.73 | 1.21 |
| 7 | 6831 | 84.21 | 28.41 | 1.34 |
| 8 | 6970 | 94.54 | 31.98 | 1.45 |
| 9 | 6882 | 95.83 | 32.28 | 1.46 |
FanOut transaction costs
Involves spending head output and burning head tokens. Uses ada-only UTXO for better comparability.
| Parties | UTxO | UTxO (bytes) | Tx size | % max Mem | % max CPU | Min fee ₳ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 0 | 0 | 5867 | 19.21 | 6.42 | 0.61 |
| 10 | 1 | 57 | 5900 | 19.92 | 6.77 | 0.62 |
| 10 | 5 | 285 | 6036 | 28.23 | 10.05 | 0.72 |
| 10 | 10 | 570 | 6207 | 38.64 | 14.16 | 0.84 |
| 10 | 20 | 1138 | 6545 | 58.68 | 22.08 | 1.07 |
| 10 | 30 | 1705 | 6883 | 80.50 | 30.62 | 1.32 |
| 10 | 39 | 2220 | 7192 | 99.14 | 37.96 | 1.54 |
End-to-end benchmark results
This page is intended to collect the latest end-to-end benchmark results produced by Hydra's continuous integration (CI) system from the latest master code.
Please note that these results are approximate as they are currently produced from limited cloud VMs and not controlled hardware. Rather than focusing on the absolute results, the emphasis should be on relative results, such as how the timings for a scenario evolve as the code changes.
Generated at 2025-11-10 14:15:33.774218353 UTC
Baseline Scenario
| Number of nodes | 1 |
|---|---|
| Number of txs | 300 |
| Avg. Confirmation Time (ms) | 5.619341980 |
| P99 | 8.522205879999996ms |
| P95 | 7.151857850000001ms |
| P50 | 5.3905525ms |
| Number of Invalid txs | 0 |
Memory data
| Time | Used | Free |
|---|---|---|
| 2025-11-10 14:14:06.063688697 UTC | 1474M | 7172M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:07.063684824 UTC | 1498M | 7114M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:08.063654487 UTC | 1502M | 7110M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:09.06359752 UTC | 1528M | 7083M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:10.063590084 UTC | 1571M | 6965M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:11.063694178 UTC | 1576M | 6960M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:12.063608159 UTC | 1588M | 6945M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:13.063635825 UTC | 1603M | 6925M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:14.063638554 UTC | 1602M | 6925M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:15.063635949 UTC | 1602M | 6925M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:16.063643005 UTC | 1602M | 6925M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:17.063633647 UTC | 1602M | 6925M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:18.063639468 UTC | 1602M | 6925M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:19.063641502 UTC | 1606M | 6921M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:20.063640369 UTC | 1606M | 6921M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:21.063641834 UTC | 1606M | 6921M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:22.06361371 UTC | 1606M | 6921M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:23.063669764 UTC | 1606M | 6921M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:24.063697208 UTC | 1606M | 6921M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:25.063671047 UTC | 1605M | 6921M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:26.063609779 UTC | 1605M | 6921M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:27.063658975 UTC | 1606M | 6921M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:28.063660522 UTC | 1606M | 6921M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:29.063663984 UTC | 1605M | 6921M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:30.063629754 UTC | 1608M | 6918M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:31.06368491 UTC | 1608M | 6917M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:32.063706624 UTC | 1608M | 6917M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:33.063667104 UTC | 1608M | 6917M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:34.063640107 UTC | 1608M | 6917M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:35.063669924 UTC | 1608M | 6917M |
Three local nodes
| Number of nodes | 3 |
|---|---|
| Number of txs | 900 |
| Avg. Confirmation Time (ms) | 43.507685110 |
| P99 | 82.26066519ms |
| P95 | 71.31054295ms |
| P50 | 40.144174500000005ms |
| Number of Invalid txs | 0 |
Memory data
| Time | Used | Free |
|---|---|---|
| 2025-11-10 14:14:46.706080119 UTC | 1484M | 7080M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:47.706049287 UTC | 1484M | 7079M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:48.705976882 UTC | 1494M | 7069M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:49.706017857 UTC | 1496M | 7068M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:50.70601571 UTC | 1496M | 7067M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:51.706025966 UTC | 1504M | 7059M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:52.706047991 UTC | 1504M | 7058M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:53.706117054 UTC | 1569M | 6966M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:54.706083168 UTC | 1636M | 6871M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:55.706135052 UTC | 1701M | 6778M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:56.706414092 UTC | 1741M | 6738M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:57.706640106 UTC | 1754M | 6724M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:58.708308597 UTC | 1801M | 6667M |
| 2025-11-10 14:14:59.70620826 UTC | 1806M | 6650M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:00.706340256 UTC | 1830M | 6614M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:01.709700911 UTC | 1835M | 6598M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:02.706813889 UTC | 1838M | 6586M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:03.706187315 UTC | 1847M | 6571M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:04.706560941 UTC | 1862M | 6549M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:05.706072569 UTC | 1879M | 6525M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:06.708301285 UTC | 1890M | 6506M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:07.706831589 UTC | 1891M | 6497M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:08.706905626 UTC | 1892M | 6487M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:09.706405051 UTC | 1906M | 6466M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:10.705978982 UTC | 1917M | 6444M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:11.706071995 UTC | 1920M | 6437M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:12.706107439 UTC | 1920M | 6437M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:13.706114729 UTC | 1920M | 6437M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:14.706157192 UTC | 1927M | 6429M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:15.706123057 UTC | 1927M | 6429M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:16.706151066 UTC | 1927M | 6429M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:17.706162347 UTC | 1927M | 6429M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:18.706084881 UTC | 1927M | 6429M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:19.706137311 UTC | 1927M | 6429M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:20.706016095 UTC | 1927M | 6429M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:21.706023923 UTC | 1927M | 6428M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:22.706177096 UTC | 1927M | 6428M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:23.706134245 UTC | 1927M | 6428M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:24.706158054 UTC | 1927M | 6428M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:25.706141192 UTC | 1930M | 6425M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:26.706219411 UTC | 1930M | 6425M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:27.706178454 UTC | 1930M | 6425M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:28.706151264 UTC | 1930M | 6425M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:29.706093658 UTC | 1929M | 6425M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:30.705922132 UTC | 1929M | 6425M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:31.706168929 UTC | 1930M | 6423M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:32.70612756 UTC | 1934M | 6419M |
| 2025-11-10 14:15:33.705908176 UTC | 1934M | 6419M |
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Does this need to be here and not in the haskell-accumulator repo? I don't think it needs to depend on hydra.
Does this need to be here and not in the haskell-accumulator repo? I don't think it needs to depend on hydra.
We want to bench it on our UTxO, and I think it is easier to run it how we would use it in the repo to know the implications 🙏🏼
The UTxO type comes from cardano-api, not from us. I think it's better to measure it where it's defined rather than here so others can use it.
Not blocking merge for this though.
The UTxO type comes from cardano-api, not from us. I think it's better to measure it where it's defined rather than here so others can use it.
It's a nice observation.
I think in this case we may as well have it here; the benchmark is really only important in the context of Hydra; and who knows what else we may want to add that might make it more Hydra-relevant.
