[Refactor] Visitor design pattern for algorithms that traverse the AST tree

[sequba]

Description

As pointed out in https://github.com/handsontable/hyperformula/pull/1159#discussion_r1119354105 we should refactor methods that traverse the AST tree. This code pattern is repeated a few times in our project. I suggest using the visitor design pattern. It will make the code cleaner and improve maintainability.