sqlalchemy-tutorial Update dependency black to v24 [SECURITY]

This PR contains the following updates:

Package	Change	Age	Confidence
black (changelog)	`23.7.0` -> `24.3.0`
black (changelog)	`==23.7.0` -> `==24.3.0`

GitHub Vulnerability Alerts

CVE-2024-21503

Versions of the package black before 24.3.0 are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) via the lines_with_leading_tabs_expanded function in the strings.py file. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious input that causes a denial of service.

Exploiting this vulnerability is possible when running Black on untrusted input, or if you habitually put thousands of leading tab characters in your docstrings.

Release Notes

psf/black (black)

`v24.3.0`

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Highlights

This release is a milestone: it fixes Black's first CVE security vulnerability. If you run Black on untrusted input, or if you habitually put thousands of leading tab characters in your docstrings, you are strongly encouraged to upgrade immediately to fix CVE-2024-21503.

This release also fixes a bug in Black's AST safety check that allowed Black to make incorrect changes to certain f-strings that are valid in Python 3.12 and higher.

Stable style

Don't move comments along with delimiters, which could cause crashes (#4248)
Strengthen AST safety check to catch more unsafe changes to strings. Previous versions of Black would incorrectly format the contents of certain unusual f-strings containing nested strings with the same quote type. Now, Black will crash on such strings until support for the new f-string syntax is implemented. (#4270)
Fix a bug where line-ranges exceeding the last code line would not work as expected (#4273)

Performance

Fix catastrophic performance on docstrings that contain large numbers of leading tab characters. This fixes CVE-2024-21503. (#4278)

Documentation

Note what happens when --check is used with --quiet (#4236)

`v24.2.0`

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Stable style

Fixed a bug where comments where mistakenly removed along with redundant parentheses (#4218)

Preview style

Move the hug_parens_with_braces_and_square_brackets feature to the unstable style due to an outstanding crash and proposed formatting tweaks (#4198)
Fixed a bug where base expressions caused inconsistent formatting of ** in tenary expression (#4154)
Checking for newline before adding one on docstring that is almost at the line limit (#4185)
Remove redundant parentheses in case statement if guards (#4214).

Configuration

Fix issue where Black would ignore input files in the presence of symlinks (#4222)
Black now ignores pyproject.toml that is missing a tool.black section when discovering project root and configuration. Since Black continues to use version control as an indicator of project root, this is expected to primarily change behavior for users in a monorepo setup (desirably). If you wish to preserve previous behavior, simply add an empty [tool.black] to the previously discovered pyproject.toml (#4204)

Output

Black will swallow any SyntaxWarnings or DeprecationWarnings produced by the ast module when performing equivalence checks (#4189)

Integrations

Add a JSONSchema and provide a validate-pyproject entry-point (#4181)

`v24.1.1`

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Bugfix release to fix a bug that made Black unusable on certain file systems with strict limits on path length.

Preview style

Consistently add trailing comma on typed parameters (#4164)

Configuration

Shorten the length of the name of the cache file to fix crashes on file systems that do not support long paths (#4176)

`v24.1.0`

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Highlights

This release introduces the new 2024 stable style (#4106), stabilizing the following changes:

Add parentheses around if-else expressions (#2278)
Dummy class and function implementations consisting only of ... are formatted more compactly (#3796)
If an assignment statement is too long, we now prefer splitting on the right-hand side (#3368)
Hex codes in Unicode escape sequences are now standardized to lowercase (#2916)
Allow empty first lines at the beginning of most blocks (#3967, #4061)
Add parentheses around long type annotations (#3899)
Enforce newline after module docstrings (#3932, #4028)
Fix incorrect magic trailing comma handling in return types (#3916)
Remove blank lines before class docstrings (#3692)
Wrap multiple context managers in parentheses if combined in a single with statement (#3489)
Fix bug in line length calculations for power operations (#3942)
Add trailing commas to collection literals even if there's a comment after the last entry (#3393)
When using --skip-magic-trailing-comma or -C, trailing commas are stripped from subscript expressions with more than 1 element (#3209)
Add extra blank lines in stubs in a few cases (#3564, #3862)
Accept raw strings as docstrings (#3947)
Split long lines in case blocks (#4024)
Stop removing spaces from walrus operators within subscripts (#3823)
Fix incorrect formatting of certain async statements (#3609)
Allow combining # fmt: skip with other comments (#3959)

There are already a few improvements in the --preview style, which are slated for the 2025 stable style. Try them out and share your feedback. In the past, the preview style has included some features that we were not able to stabilize. This year, we're adding a separate --unstable style for features with known problems. Now, the --preview style only includes features that we actually expect to make it into next year's stable style.

Stable style

Several bug fixes were made in features that are moved to the stable style in this release:

Fix comment handling when parenthesising conditional expressions (#4134)
Fix bug where spaces were not added around parenthesized walruses in subscripts, unlike other binary operators (#4109)
Remove empty lines before docstrings in async functions (#4132)
Address a missing case in the change to allow empty lines at the beginning of all blocks, except immediately before a docstring (#4130)
For stubs, fix logic to enforce empty line after nested classes with bodies (#4141)

Preview style

Add --unstable style, covering preview features that have known problems that would block them from going into the stable style. Also add the --enable-unstable-feature flag; for example, use --enable-unstable-feature hug_parens_with_braces_and_square_brackets to apply this preview feature throughout 2024, even if a later Black release downgrades the feature to unstable (#4096)
Format module docstrings the same as class and function docstrings (#4095)
Fix crash when using a walrus in a dictionary (#4155)
Fix unnecessary parentheses when wrapping long dicts (#4135)
Stop normalizing spaces before # fmt: skip comments (#4146)

Configuration

Print warning when configuration in pyproject.toml contains an invalid key (#4165)
Fix symlink handling, properly ignoring symlinks that point outside of root (#4161)
Fix cache mtime logic that resulted in false positive cache hits (#4128)
Remove the long-deprecated --experimental-string-processing flag. This feature can currently be enabled with --preview --enable-unstable-feature string_processing. (#4096)

Integrations

Revert the change to run Black's pre-commit integration only on specific git hooks (#3940) for better compatibility with older versions of pre-commit (#4137)

`v23.12.1`

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Packaging

Fixed a bug that included dependencies from the d extra by default (#4108)

`v23.12.0`

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Highlights

It's almost 2024, which means it's time for a new edition of Black's stable style! Together with this release, we'll put out an alpha release 24.1a1 showcasing the draft 2024 stable style, which we'll finalize in the January release. Please try it out and share your feedback.

This release (23.12.0) will still produce the 2023 style. Most but not all of the changes in --preview mode will be in the 2024 stable style.

Stable style

Fix bug where # fmt: off automatically dedents when used with the --line-ranges option, even when it is not within the specified line range. (#4084)
Fix feature detection for parenthesized context managers (#4104)

Preview style

Prefer more equal signs before a break when splitting chained assignments (#4010)
Standalone form feed characters at the module level are no longer removed (#4021)
Additional cases of immediately nested tuples, lists, and dictionaries are now indented less (#4012)
Allow empty lines at the beginning of all blocks, except immediately before a docstring (#4060)
Fix crash in preview mode when using a short --line-length (#4086)
Keep suites consisting of only an ellipsis on their own lines if they are not functions or class definitions (#4066) (#4103)

Configuration

--line-ranges now skips Black's internal stability check in --safe mode. This avoids a crash on rare inputs that have many unformatted same-content lines. (#4034)

Packaging

Upgrade to mypy 1.7.1 (#4049) (#4069)
Faster compiled wheels are now available for CPython 3.12 (#4070)

Integrations

Enable 3.12 CI (#4035)
Build docker images in parallel (#4054)
Build docker images with 3.12 (#4055)

`v23.11.0`

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Highlights

Support formatting ranges of lines with the new --line-ranges command-line option (#4020)

Stable style

Fix crash on formatting bytes strings that look like docstrings (#4003)
Fix crash when whitespace followed a backslash before newline in a docstring (#4008)
Fix standalone comments inside complex blocks crashing Black (#4016)
Fix crash on formatting code like await (a ** b) (#3994)
No longer treat leading f-strings as docstrings. This matches Python's behaviour and fixes a crash (#4019)

Preview style

Multiline dicts and lists that are the sole argument to a function are now indented less (#3964)
Multiline unpacked dicts and lists as the sole argument to a function are now also indented less (#3992)
In f-string debug expressions, quote types that are visible in the final string are now preserved (#4005)
Fix a bug where long case blocks were not split into multiple lines. Also enable general trailing comma rules on case blocks (#4024)
Keep requiring two empty lines between module-level docstring and first function or class definition (#4028)
Add support for single-line format skip with other comments on the same line (#3959)

Configuration

Consistently apply force exclusion logic before resolving symlinks (#4015)
Fix a bug in the matching of absolute path names in --include (#3976)

Performance

Fix mypyc builds on arm64 on macOS (#4017)

Integrations

Black's pre-commit integration will now run only on git hooks appropriate for a code formatter (#3940)

`v23.10.1`

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Highlights

Maintenance release to get a fix out for GitHub Action edge case (#3957)

Preview style

Fix merging implicit multiline strings that have inline comments (#3956)
Allow empty first line after block open before a comment or compound statement (#3967)

Packaging

Change Dockerfile to hatch + compile black (#3965)

Integrations

The summary output for GitHub workflows is now suppressible using the summary parameter. (#3958)
Fix the action failing when Black check doesn't pass (#3957)

Documentation

It is known Windows documentation CI is broken #3968

`v23.10.0`

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Stable style

Fix comments getting removed from inside parenthesized strings (#3909)

Preview style

Fix long lines with power operators getting split before the line length (#3942)
Long type hints are now wrapped in parentheses and properly indented when split across multiple lines (#3899)
Magic trailing commas are now respected in return types. (#3916)
Require one empty line after module-level docstrings. (#3932)
Treat raw triple-quoted strings as docstrings (#3947)

Configuration

Fix cache versioning logic when BLACK_CACHE_DIR is set (#3937)

Parser

Fix bug where attributes named type were not accepted inside match statements (#3950)
Add support for PEP 695 type aliases containing lambdas and other unusual expressions (#3949)

Output

Black no longer attempts to provide special errors for attempting to format Python 2 code (#3933)
Black will more consistently print stacktraces on internal errors in verbose mode (#3938)

Integrations

The action output displayed in the job summary is now wrapped in Markdown (#3914)

`v23.9.1`

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Due to various issues, the previous release (23.9.0) did not include compiled mypyc wheels, which make Black significantly faster. These issues have now been fixed, and this release should come with compiled wheels once again.

There will be no wheels for Python 3.12 due to a bug in mypyc. We will provide 3.12 wheels in a future release as soon as the mypyc bug is fixed.

Packaging

Upgrade to mypy 1.5.1 (#3864)

Performance

Store raw tuples instead of NamedTuples in Black's cache, improving performance and decreasing the size of the cache (#3877)

`v23.9.0`

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Preview style

More concise formatting for dummy implementations (#3796)
In stub files, add a blank line between a statement with a body (e.g an if sys.version_info > (3, x):) and a function definition on the same level (#3862)
Fix a bug whereby spaces were removed from walrus operators within subscript(#3823)

Configuration

Black now applies exclusion and ignore logic before resolving symlinks (#3846)

Performance

Avoid importing IPython if notebook cells do not contain magics (#3782)
Improve caching by comparing file hashes as fallback for mtime and size (#3821)

Blackd

Fix an issue in blackd with single character input (#3558)

Integrations

Black now has an official pre-commit mirror. Swapping https://github.com/psf/black to https://github.com/psf/black-pre-commit-mirror in your .pre-commit-config.yaml will make Black about 2x faster (#3828)
The .black.env folder specified by ENV_PATH will now be removed on the completion of the GitHub Action (#3759)