Replace `black` formatter with `ruff`

[Chubercik]

This PR replaces black static checking suite with ruff.

It's a pretty big change, and I understand it warrants discussion, which I welcome and look forward to.

The basic premise of this change is that the ruff linter and formatter is slowly creeping its way to becoming the new standard - more importantly, it promises orders of magnitude better performance than previously available solutions.

If this is a welcome change we might want to also update Godot's code style guidelines doc entry.

---

From ruff's README file:

• 10-100x faster than existing linters (like Flake8) and formatters (like Black)
• Installable via pip
• pyproject.toml support
• Python 3.12 compatibility
• Drop-in parity with Flake8, isort, and Black
• Built-in caching, to avoid re-analyzing unchanged files
• Fix support, for automatic error correction (e.g., automatically remove unused imports)
• Over 800 built-in rules, with native re-implementations of popular Flake8 plugins, like flake8-bugbear
• First-party editor integrations for VS Code and more
• Monorepo-friendly, with hierarchical and cascading configuration

---

Local usage ought to be similar to that of black:

pip3 install ruff --user

ruff -l 120 <path/to/file(s)>

[Chubercik]

Messed up SCons pretty badly, will tend to that tomorrow.. 😪

[AThousandShips]

You used a merge commit to update your branch, please use rebase in the future instead, see here

[Repiteo]

Holy hell, ruff is making an insanely good first impression! A linter/formatter that has the capability of recognizing SConstruct in editor without major tweaking is amazing. VSCode can even recognize a .ruff.toml file natively, so local formatting can actually occur right out of the box. When you have the chance, be sure to add a .ruff.toml to the repo root with this content:

extend-exclude = ["thirdparty"]
extend-include = ["SConstruct", "SCSub"]
line-length = 120
target-version = "py38"

[Chubercik]

@Repiteo's changes/additions lgtm!

[Calinou]

Tested locally, it works as expected.

I suggest adding this in pyproject.toml (after the [tool.ruff] section) to enable isort functionality in ruff check --fix (note that this does not affect ruff format):

[tool.ruff.lint]
extend-select = [
	"I", # isort
]

This way, contributors won't need to install isort separately anymore.

[akien-mga]

Thanks!

[bruvzg]

This is causing issues on macOS, since the downloaded ruff binary is ~unsigned~unnotarized and can't run (it's fixable by removing the quarantine flag or re-signing it manually, but pretty annoying).