Add error callback for bindings

[thewh1teagle]

Currently whisper.cpp uses many abort() calls in case of errors. as a result the program just cash in windows/mac/linux without showing error.

Please add a way to register error callback from the bindings instead of crashing

Maybe we can use std::set_terminate

[SRHMorris]

It would be good if we could at least have a compile option to convert these abort() calls into exceptions, which could then be caught at the top level C API function and return an error code. I do not want any library I use to call abort!