feat(core): Allow to pass custom scope to `captureFeedback()`

[mydea]

This allows to pass a custom scope to Sentry.captureFeedback(), like this:

Sentry.captureFeedback({message : 'test' }, {}, scope);

This should fix the use case from https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-javascript/issues/11072#issuecomment-2129259591

[github-actions[bot]]

size-limit report 📦

Path	Size
@sentry/browser	21.74 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing)	32.77 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay)	68.24 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay) - with treeshaking flags	61.66 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay with Canvas)	72.29 KB (0%)
@sentry/browser (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	84.33 KB (+0.02% 🔺)
@sentry/browser (incl. Feedback)	37.75 KB (+0.02% 🔺)
@sentry/browser (incl. sendFeedback)	26.32 KB (+0.03% 🔺)
@sentry/browser (incl. FeedbackAsync)	30.74 KB (+0.03% 🔺)
@sentry/react	24.43 KB (0%)
@sentry/react (incl. Tracing)	35.77 KB (0%)
@sentry/vue	25.68 KB (0%)
@sentry/vue (incl. Tracing)	34.58 KB (0%)
@sentry/svelte	21.88 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle	24.28 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing)	34.22 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay)	68.03 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback)	73.03 KB (+0.02% 🔺)
CDN Bundle - uncompressed	71.46 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing) - uncompressed	101.55 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay) - uncompressed	211.46 KB (0%)
CDN Bundle (incl. Tracing, Replay, Feedback) - uncompressed	223.83 KB (+0.01% 🔺)
@sentry/nextjs (client)	35.12 KB (0%)
@sentry/sveltekit (client)	33.36 KB (0%)
@sentry/node	114.32 KB (-0.01% 🔽)
@sentry/aws-serverless	103.2 KB (-0.01% 🔽)