Handle `.example` and `.sample` files

[mxmehl]

We have a extensive matching of file extension and file names to their comment syntax. But all of this obviously breaks if the file name has an extension.

However, if a file is called foo.md.example or bar.py.sample we can safely assume that the comment syntax would be the one for second-level extension (.md and .py in these examples).

So it's worthwhile to "ignore" these two specific extensions, and fall back to the next extensions from backwards.

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