Add support cache for dynamic spec

[popojk]

Tracking issue

Related to #5543

Why are the changes needed?

We need to pass execution mode into TaskTemplate Metadata for Flyte Propeller to tell whether the node is a Dynamic node.

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Pass execution mode into TaskTemplate Metadata while registering workflows.

Check all the applicable boxes

• [X] All new and existing tests passed.
• [X] All commits are signed-off.

Related PRs

#6372

Summary by Bito

This PR adds execution_mode support to determine task behavior in dynamic caching scenarios, implementing critical improvements for caching in dynamic specifications. It enhances core modules with properties and conversion functions, ensures default values when execution_mode is not provided, and refines type logic to manage circular dependencies while aligning production code with tests for consolidated dynamic workflow support.

Unit tests added: True

Estimated effort to review (1-5, lower is better): 2