flux-jobs: add "advanced filter" option to use with constraints

[chu11]

per my list in #5126, something like flux jobs --query="userid:1234 name:foo states:pending

Possibly related work in #4186

[grondo]

Could we reuse --filter instead of adding a new option? states could be the default operator in the constraint parser. Actually haven't looked into it all, so may be a dumb suggestion, but I thought I'd point it out.