[image_picker_android] Adds Android 13 photo picker functionality

[FXschwartz]

NOTE: This PR was moved over from the flutter/plugins repo - https://github.com/flutter/plugins/pull/7043

Description This PR adds the new Android 13 photo picker functionality to Android devices running SDK version 33 or later as well as bumps the compileSdkVersion from 31 to 33. If an Android device is older, it will use the previous standard image picker. Below are two devices, the left running SDK 30 and the right running SDK 33.

SDK 30	SDK 33

List which issues are fixed by this PR. You must list at least one issue. Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/104250

If you had to change anything in the flutter/tests repo, include a link to the migration guide as per the breaking change policy.

Pre-launch Checklist

• [x] I read the Contributor Guide and followed the process outlined there for submitting PRs.
• [x] I read the Tree Hygiene wiki page, which explains my responsibilities.
• [x] I read and followed the relevant style guides and ran the auto-formatter. (Unlike the flutter/flutter repo, the flutter/packages repo does use dart format.)
• [x] I signed the CLA.
• [x] The title of the PR starts with the name of the package surrounded by square brackets, e.g. [shared_preferences]
• [x] I listed at least one issue that this PR fixes in the description above.
• [x] I updated pubspec.yaml with an appropriate new version according to the pub versioning philosophy, or this PR is exempt from version changes.
• [x] I updated CHANGELOG.md to add a description of the change, following repository CHANGELOG style.
• [ ] I updated/added relevant documentation (doc comments with ///).
• [x] I added new tests to check the change I am making, or this PR is test-exempt.
• [x] All existing and new tests are passing.

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