[path_provider] Re-release FFI foundation version

[stuartmorgan-g]

2.5.0 was retracted due to an issue with production builds (see link below); this re-releases with a requirement on objective_c 9.2.0, which resolves that issue.

Because objective_c 9.2.0 requires hooks, this updates the min SDK requirement to 3.38.0.

Fixes https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/178915

Pre-Review Checklist

• [x] I read the Contributor Guide and followed the process outlined there for submitting PRs.
• [x] I read the Tree Hygiene page, which explains my responsibilities.
• [x] I read and followed the relevant style guides and ran the auto-formatter.
• [x] I signed the CLA.
• [x] The title of the PR starts with the name of the package surrounded by square brackets, e.g. [shared_preferences]
• [x] I linked to at least one issue that this PR fixes in the description above.
• [x] I updated pubspec.yaml with an appropriate new version according to the pub versioning philosophy, or I have commented below to indicate which version change exemption this PR falls under[^1].
• [x] I updated CHANGELOG.md to add a description of the change, following repository CHANGELOG style, or I have cxmmented below to indicate which CHANGELOG exemption this PR falls under[^1].
• [x] I updated/added any relevant documentation (doc comments with ///).
• [x] I added new tests to check the change I am making, or I have commented below to indicate which test exemption this PR falls under[^1].
• [x] All existing and new tests are passing.

[^1]: Regular contributors who have demonstrated familiarity with the repository guidelines only need to comment if the PR is not auto-exempted by repo tooling.

[stuartmorgan-g]

Web build failures are https://github.com/dart-lang/native/issues/2824, but it looks like there are some other issues, like needing a native toolchain for Dart unit tests, which is unfortunate (https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/178715).