Clean up and document fft_small
I've added basic documentation for machine_vectors.h. It's not clear what the assumptions are for some of the functions doing modular arithmetic.
For example, what are the criteria for the initial prime p used in mpn_ctx_init? Seems like a necessary condition is $p > 2^{14}$. The first prime I can find here that works is 16567, but the following prime 16573 does not work.
I should try to get into the habit of adding some comments whenever I figure out what some piece of fft_small does.
I added some explanations for the parameters in mpn_ctx_mpn_mul in 6879047.