Upgrade Linux kernel from 6.6 to 6.10

[ader1990]

Upgrade Linux kernel from the 6.6.y stable branch to 6.10.y stable branch.

See: https://github.com/flatcar/Flatcar/issues/1527

This PR is mostly to reveal any possible big blockers before getting to the new 6.12 LTS release.

Testing done

[Describe the testing you have done before submitting this PR. Please include both the commands you issued as well as the output you got.]

• [ ] Changelog entries added in the respective changelog/ directory (user-facing change, bug fix, security fix, update)
• [ ] Inspected CI output for image differences: /boot and /usr size, packages, list files for any missing binaries, kernel modules, config files, kernel modules, etc.

Boot partition size:

arm64: /dev/nvme0n1p1     129039    63368     65672  50% /boot
amd64: /dev/vda1          129039    62852     66187  49% /boot