[FEATURE]: CI: add linting to CI and linting config for consistency

[Tgenz1213]

Feature summary

Add ruff linting to CI

Feature description

Requested changes:

• Pre-config is intended to help developers catch issues that will be inevitably caught during CI. Linting in CI guarantees checking across all future PRs.
• Add ruff.toml for consistent config across local development (add to requirements?), pre-commit, and CI.

Recommended changes:

• Add ruff.toml

# shared config for local, pre-commit, and CI step
line-length = 120

[linting]
# rules that we start checking in the future

• Modify pre-commit

- repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
  rev: v0.7.3
  hooks:
    - id: ruff
      args: [--fix]

• Modify ci.yml to add linting

- run: pip install ruff
- run: ruff check --config ruff.toml .

Motivation

Enforce project's coding standards automatically

Alternatives considered

No response

Additional context

Please assign this issue to me when development should start