feat(fbcode_builder): Improve reliability/efficiency of apt and git fetchers

[ben--]

Two independent changes:

1. Make apt more safe/reliable by switching to https URLs and retrying on failure
2. Minimize git checkout time (and support branch revisions) by doing single-revision checkouts

Tested by building sapling using the GitHub action (won't run fully until other PRs land):

act --container-architecture linux/x86_64 -W .github/workflows/edenfs_linux.yml

[facebook-github-bot]

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