[core] Move some JSI utils to common code

[tsapeta]

Why

Preparing the ground for #27038 by moving and adding some more C++ utils to the common codebase.

How

• Moved creating classes and objects with prototypes from iOS to the common code
• Moved and made more convenient to use defineProperty (with a convenient struct to describe property descriptor)
• Added a function to create a class that inherits from another

Test Plan

Unit tests are passing, bare-expo builds successfully