debug_traceCall inaccurate gasUsed estimation

[RostyslavBuriak]

System information

geth version 1.15.12-unstable-3f7b8bc9-20250526 Lighthouse v7.0.1-e42406d Ubuntu 24.04

Expected behaviour

debug_traceCall is expected to accurately predict gasUsed for any transaction.

Actual behaviour

debug_traceCall inaccurately estimates gasUsed for transactions that change the state of Uniswap pools and possibly other similar contracts.

Steps to reproduce the behaviour

1. Choose any of the latest transactions of this MEV bot: https://etherscan.io/address/0x1f2f10d1c40777ae1da742455c65828ff36df387

2. execute this Python script replacing the data, example for tx 0xc07b3b748f960d5f7bd8697de816393ecdeaa5f988f531824488719f9951cebd

import requests

tx = {
    "from": "0xae2Fc483527B8EF99EB5D9B44875F005ba1FaE13",
    "to": "0x1f2F10D1C40777AE1Da742455c65828FF36Df387",
    "input": "0x7f3866bff695f3b16a824869a8018a3a6e368524126901391a168b3c61113d7e6c2e6c1f0a9f2f313cf24c830bc325e1066003133d70a8c19306" ,
    "value": hex(19662101395),
    "maxFeePerGas": hex(1018223283),
    "gas": hex(242077)
}

block_base = hex(22665900)

payload = {
    "jsonrpc": "2.0",
    "method": "debug_traceCall",
    "id": 1,
    "params": [
        tx,
        block_base,
        {
            "tracer": "callTracer",
            "txIndex": hex(0)
        }
    ]
}

r = requests.post("http://localhost:8545", json=payload)
print(r.json())
print(int(r.json()["result"]["gasUsed"], 16))

Output: {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'id': 1, 'result': {'from': '0xae2fc483527b8ef99eb5d9b44875f005ba1fae13', 'gas': '0x3b19d', 'gasUsed': '0x2a39a', 'to': '0x1f2f10d1c40777ae1da742455c65828ff36df387', 'input': '0x7f3866bff695f3b16a824869a8018a3a6e368524126901391a168b3c61113d7e6c2e6c1f0a9f2f313cf24c830bc325e1066003133d70a8c19306', 'calls': [{'from': '0x1f2f10d1c40777ae1da742455c65828ff36df387', 'gas': '0x3434e', 'gasUsed': '0x345e', 'to': '0x66bff695f3b16a824869a8018a3a6e3685241269', 'input': '0xa9059cbb0000000000000000000000006df064f04ddfb2bb53da21af9d56701726700145000000000000000000000000000000000000000001391a160000000000000000', 'output': '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001', 'value': '0x0', 'type': 'CALL'}, {'from': '0x1f2f10d1c40777ae1da742455c65828ff36df387', 'gas': '0x30594', 'gasUsed': '0xc3c3', 'to': '0x6df064f04ddfb2bb53da21af9d56701726700145', 'input': '0x022c0d9f00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000493f3db930000000000000000000000000000001f2f10d1c40777ae1da742455c65828ff36df38700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', 'calls': [{'from': '0x6df064f04ddfb2bb53da21af9d56701726700145', 'gas': '0x2be41', 'gasUsed': '0x323e', 'to': '0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2', 'input': '0xa9059cbb0000000000000000000000001f2f10d1c40777ae1da742455c65828ff36df3870000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000493f3db93000000', 'output': '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001', 'value': '0x0', 'type': 'CALL'}, {'from': '0x6df064f04ddfb2bb53da21af9d56701726700145', 'gas': '0x28a72', 'gasUsed': '0x380', 'to': '0x66bff695f3b16a824869a8018a3a6e3685241269', 'input': '0x70a082310000000000000000000000006df064f04ddfb2bb53da21af9d56701726700145', 'output': '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000c9f123430fd894063d48b198', 'type': 'STATICCALL'}, {'from': '0x6df064f04ddfb2bb53da21af9d56701726700145', 'gas': '0x2856b', 'gasUsed': '0x216', 'to': '0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2', 'input': '0x70a082310000000000000000000000006df064f04ddfb2bb53da21af9d56701726700145', 'output': '0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002f18f3353abca8a6e', 'type': 'STATICCALL'}], 'value': '0x0', 'type': 'CALL'}, {'from': '0x1f2f10d1c40777ae1da742455c65828ff36df387', 'gas': '0x239c2', 'gasUsed': '0x99d8', 'to': '0x61113d7e6c2e6c1f0a9f2f313cf24c830bc325e1', 'input': '0xa9059cbb0000000000000000000000002697cc8ebd4774db94747c8b4988a1aa41e12de90000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000660031300000000', 'output': '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001', 'value': '0x0', 'type': 'CALL'}, {'from': '0x1f2f10d1c40777ae1da742455c65828ff36df387', 'gas': '0x1980f', 'gasUsed': '0xa63e', 'to': '0x2697cc8ebd4774db94747c8b4988a1aa41e12de9', 'input': '0x022c0d9f00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070a8c1930000000000000000000000000000001f2f10d1c40777ae1da742455c65828ff36df38700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000', 'calls': [{'from': '0x2697cc8ebd4774db94747c8b4988a1aa41e12de9', 'gas': '0x1600f', 'gasUsed': '0x1f7e', 'to': '0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2', 'input': '0xa9059cbb0000000000000000000000001f2f10d1c40777ae1da742455c65828ff36df3870000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000070a8c193000000', 'output': '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001', 'value': '0x0', 'type': 'CALL'}, {'from': '0x2697cc8ebd4774db94747c8b4988a1aa41e12de9', 'gas': '0x13eb5', 'gasUsed': '0x27f', 'to': '0x61113d7e6c2e6c1f0a9f2f313cf24c830bc325e1', 'input': '0x70a082310000000000000000000000002697cc8ebd4774db94747c8b4988a1aa41e12de9', 'output': '0x000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004d700a982c6797aa7', 'type': 'STATICCALL'}, {'from': '0x2697cc8ebd4774db94747c8b4988a1aa41e12de9', 'gas': '0x13aab', 'gasUsed': '0x216', 'to': '0xc02aaa39b223fe8d0a0e5c4f27ead9083c756cc2', 'input': '0x70a082310000000000000000000000002697cc8ebd4774db94747c8b4988a1aa41e12de9', 'output': '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000055586c371f4194cb', 'type': 'STATICCALL'}], 'value': '0x0', 'type': 'CALL'}], 'value': '0x493f3db93', 'type': 'CALL'}}

Which indicates gasUsed 172954 (0x2a39a) Actual gasUsed is 169454

Backtrace

[backtrace]