Thing Shadow example stops working after 5-10min (IDFGH-1604) (CA-157)

[tobyloki]

I've ran the thing_shadow example from https://github.com/espressif/esp-aws-iot/tree/master/examples/thing_shadow succesfully. However, after 5-10min of inactivity (meaning that I don't update the device shadow), the device doesn't respond to anymore changes to the shadow. I don't see that it disconnected from AWS on the monitor - so why is this happening and how can I fix this?

I've modified the code slightly so that it only sends a "reported" msg to the device shadow every time there is a delta change. It doesn't update the shadow itself every 1s like the original code.

/*
 * Copyright 2010-2015 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
 * Additions Copyright 2016 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) PTE LTD
 *
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License").
 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * A copy of the License is located at
 *
 *  http://aws.amazon.com/apache2.0
 *
 * or in the "license" file accompanying this file. This file is distributed
 * on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either
 * express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing
 * permissions and limitations under the License.
 */
/**
 * @file thing_shadow_sample.c
 * @brief A simple connected window example demonstrating the use of Thing Shadow
 *
 * See example README for more details.
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
#include "freertos/task.h"
#include "freertos/event_groups.h"
#include "esp_system.h"
#include "esp_wifi.h"
#include "esp_event_loop.h"
#include "esp_log.h"
#include "esp_vfs_fat.h"
#include "driver/sdmmc_host.h"

#include "nvs.h"
#include "nvs_flash.h"

#include "aws_iot_config.h"
#include "aws_iot_log.h"
#include "aws_iot_version.h"
#include "aws_iot_mqtt_client_interface.h"
#include "aws_iot_shadow_interface.h"

/*!
 * The goal of this sample application is to demonstrate the capabilities of shadow.
 * This device(say Connected Window) will open the window of a room based on temperature
 * It can report to the Shadow the following parameters:
 *  1. temperature of the room (double)
 *  2. status of the window (open or close)
 * It can act on commands from the cloud. In this case it will open or close the window based on the json object "windowOpen" data[open/close]
 *
 * The two variables from a device's perspective are double temperature and bool windowOpen
 * The device needs to act on only on windowOpen variable, so we will create a primitiveJson_t object with callback
 The Json Document in the cloud will be
 {
 "reported": {
 "temperature": 0,
 "windowOpen": false
 },
 "desired": {
 "windowOpen": false
 }
 }
 */

static const char *TAG = "shadow";

#define ROOMTEMPERATURE_UPPERLIMIT 32.0f
#define ROOMTEMPERATURE_LOWERLIMIT 25.0f
#define STARTING_ROOMTEMPERATURE ROOMTEMPERATURE_LOWERLIMIT

#define MAX_LENGTH_OF_UPDATE_JSON_BUFFER 200

/* The examples use simple WiFi configuration that you can set via
   'make menuconfig'.

   If you'd rather not, just change the below entries to strings with
   the config you want - ie #define EXAMPLE_WIFI_SSID "mywifissid"
*/
#define EXAMPLE_WIFI_SSID CONFIG_WIFI_SSID
#define EXAMPLE_WIFI_PASS CONFIG_WIFI_PASSWORD


/* FreeRTOS event group to signal when we are connected & ready to make a request */
static EventGroupHandle_t wifi_event_group;

/* The event group allows multiple bits for each event,
   but we only care about one event - are we connected
   to the AP with an IP? */
const int CONNECTED_BIT = BIT0;


/* CA Root certificate, device ("Thing") certificate and device
 * ("Thing") key.

   Example can be configured one of two ways:

   "Embedded Certs" are loaded from files in "certs/" and embedded into the app binary.

   "Filesystem Certs" are loaded from the filesystem (SD card, etc.)

   See example README for more details.
*/
#if defined(CONFIG_EXAMPLE_EMBEDDED_CERTS)

extern const uint8_t aws_root_ca_pem_start[] asm("_binary_aws_root_ca_pem_start");
extern const uint8_t aws_root_ca_pem_end[] asm("_binary_aws_root_ca_pem_end");
extern const uint8_t certificate_pem_crt_start[] asm("_binary_certificate_pem_crt_start");
extern const uint8_t certificate_pem_crt_end[] asm("_binary_certificate_pem_crt_end");
extern const uint8_t private_pem_key_start[] asm("_binary_private_pem_key_start");
extern const uint8_t private_pem_key_end[] asm("_binary_private_pem_key_end");

#elif defined(CONFIG_EXAMPLE_FILESYSTEM_CERTS)

static const char * DEVICE_CERTIFICATE_PATH = CONFIG_EXAMPLE_CERTIFICATE_PATH;
static const char * DEVICE_PRIVATE_KEY_PATH = CONFIG_EXAMPLE_PRIVATE_KEY_PATH;
static const char * ROOT_CA_PATH = CONFIG_EXAMPLE_ROOT_CA_PATH;

#else
#error "Invalid method for loading certs"
#endif

static esp_err_t event_handler(void *ctx, system_event_t *event)
{
    switch(event->event_id) {
    case SYSTEM_EVENT_STA_START:
        esp_wifi_connect();
        break;
    case SYSTEM_EVENT_STA_GOT_IP:
        xEventGroupSetBits(wifi_event_group, CONNECTED_BIT);
        break;
    case SYSTEM_EVENT_STA_DISCONNECTED:
        /* This is a workaround as ESP32 WiFi libs don't currently
           auto-reassociate. */
        esp_wifi_connect();
        xEventGroupClearBits(wifi_event_group, CONNECTED_BIT);
        break;
    default:
        break;
    }
    return ESP_OK;
}

static void simulateRoomTemperature(float *pRoomTemperature) {
    static float deltaChange;

    if(*pRoomTemperature >= ROOMTEMPERATURE_UPPERLIMIT) {
        deltaChange = -0.5f;
    } else if(*pRoomTemperature <= ROOMTEMPERATURE_LOWERLIMIT) {
        deltaChange = 0.5f;
    }

    *pRoomTemperature += deltaChange;
}

static bool shadowUpdateInProgress;

void ShadowUpdateStatusCallback(const char *pThingName, ShadowActions_t action, Shadow_Ack_Status_t status,
                                const char *pReceivedJsonDocument, void *pContextData) {
    IOT_UNUSED(pThingName);
    IOT_UNUSED(action);
    IOT_UNUSED(pReceivedJsonDocument);
    IOT_UNUSED(pContextData);

    shadowUpdateInProgress = false;

    if(SHADOW_ACK_TIMEOUT == status) {
        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Update timed out");
    } else if(SHADOW_ACK_REJECTED == status) {
        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Update rejected");
    } else if(SHADOW_ACK_ACCEPTED == status) {
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Update accepted");
    }
}

bool awsReady = false;
bool reportBack = true;
void windowActuate_Callback(const char *pJsonString, uint32_t JsonStringDataLen, jsonStruct_t *pContext) {
    IOT_UNUSED(pJsonString);
    IOT_UNUSED(JsonStringDataLen);

    if(pContext != NULL) {
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Delta - Window state changed to %d", *(bool *) (pContext->pData));
        reportBack = true;
    }
}

void aws_iot_task(void *param) {
    IoT_Error_t rc = FAILURE;

    char JsonDocumentBuffer[MAX_LENGTH_OF_UPDATE_JSON_BUFFER];
    size_t sizeOfJsonDocumentBuffer = sizeof(JsonDocumentBuffer) / sizeof(JsonDocumentBuffer[0]);
    float temperature = 0.0;

    bool windowOpen = false;
    jsonStruct_t windowActuator;
    windowActuator.cb = windowActuate_Callback;
    windowActuator.pData = &windowOpen;
    windowActuator.pKey = "windowOpen";
    windowActuator.type = SHADOW_JSON_BOOL;
    windowActuator.dataLength = sizeof(bool);

    jsonStruct_t temperatureHandler;
    temperatureHandler.cb = NULL;
    temperatureHandler.pKey = "temperature";
    temperatureHandler.pData = &temperature;
    temperatureHandler.type = SHADOW_JSON_FLOAT;
    temperatureHandler.dataLength = sizeof(float);

    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "AWS IoT SDK Version %d.%d.%d-%s", VERSION_MAJOR, VERSION_MINOR, VERSION_PATCH, VERSION_TAG);

    // initialize the mqtt client
    AWS_IoT_Client mqttClient;

    ShadowInitParameters_t sp = ShadowInitParametersDefault;
    sp.pHost = AWS_IOT_MQTT_HOST;
    sp.port = AWS_IOT_MQTT_PORT;

#if defined(CONFIG_EXAMPLE_EMBEDDED_CERTS)
    sp.pClientCRT = (const char *)certificate_pem_crt_start;
    sp.pClientKey = (const char *)private_pem_key_start;
    sp.pRootCA = (const char *)aws_root_ca_pem_start;
#elif defined(CONFIG_EXAMPLE_FILESYSTEM_CERTS)
    sp.pClientCRT = DEVICE_CERTIFICATE_PATH;
    sp.pClientKey = DEVICE_PRIVATE_KEY_PATH;
    sp.pRootCA = ROOT_CA_PATH;
#endif
    sp.enableAutoReconnect = false;
    sp.disconnectHandler = NULL;

#ifdef CONFIG_EXAMPLE_SDCARD_CERTS
    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Mounting SD card...");
    sdmmc_host_t host = SDMMC_HOST_DEFAULT();
    sdmmc_slot_config_t slot_config = SDMMC_SLOT_CONFIG_DEFAULT();
    esp_vfs_fat_sdmmc_mount_config_t mount_config = {
        .format_if_mount_failed = false,
        .max_files = 3,
    };
    sdmmc_card_t* card;
    esp_err_t ret = esp_vfs_fat_sdmmc_mount("/sdcard", &host, &slot_config, &mount_config, &card);
    if (ret != ESP_OK) {
        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to mount SD card VFAT filesystem. Error: %s", esp_err_to_name(ret));
        abort();
    }
#endif

    /* Wait for WiFI to show as connected */
    xEventGroupWaitBits(wifi_event_group, CONNECTED_BIT,
                        false, true, portMAX_DELAY);

    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Shadow Init");
    rc = aws_iot_shadow_init(&mqttClient, &sp);
    if(SUCCESS != rc) {
        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "aws_iot_shadow_init returned error %d, aborting...", rc);
        abort();
    }

    ShadowConnectParameters_t scp = ShadowConnectParametersDefault;
    scp.pMyThingName = CONFIG_AWS_EXAMPLE_THING_NAME;
    scp.pMqttClientId = CONFIG_AWS_EXAMPLE_CLIENT_ID;
    scp.mqttClientIdLen = (uint16_t) strlen(CONFIG_AWS_EXAMPLE_CLIENT_ID);

    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Shadow Connect");
    rc = aws_iot_shadow_connect(&mqttClient, &scp);
    if(SUCCESS != rc) {
        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "aws_iot_shadow_connect returned error %d, aborting...", rc);
        abort();
    }

    /*
     * Enable Auto Reconnect functionality. Minimum and Maximum time of Exponential backoff are set in aws_iot_config.h
     *  #AWS_IOT_MQTT_MIN_RECONNECT_WAIT_INTERVAL
     *  #AWS_IOT_MQTT_MAX_RECONNECT_WAIT_INTERVAL
     */
    rc = aws_iot_shadow_set_autoreconnect_status(&mqttClient, true);
    if(SUCCESS != rc) {
        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to set Auto Reconnect to true - %d, aborting...", rc);
        abort();
    }

    rc = aws_iot_shadow_register_delta(&mqttClient, &windowActuator);

    if(SUCCESS != rc) {
        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Shadow Register Delta Error");
    }
    temperature = STARTING_ROOMTEMPERATURE;

    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "AWS setup finished");
    awsReady = true;
    // loop and publish a change in temperature
    while(NETWORK_ATTEMPTING_RECONNECT == rc || NETWORK_RECONNECTED == rc || SUCCESS == rc) {
        rc = aws_iot_shadow_yield(&mqttClient, 200);
        if(NETWORK_ATTEMPTING_RECONNECT == rc || shadowUpdateInProgress) {
            rc = aws_iot_shadow_yield(&mqttClient, 1000);
            // If the client is attempting to reconnect, or already waiting on a shadow update,
            // we will skip the rest of the loop.
            continue;
        }
        /*ESP_LOGI(TAG, "=======================================================================================");
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "On Device: window state %s", windowOpen ? "true" : "false");
        simulateRoomTemperature(&temperature);

        rc = aws_iot_shadow_init_json_document(JsonDocumentBuffer, sizeOfJsonDocumentBuffer);
        if(SUCCESS == rc) {
            rc = aws_iot_shadow_add_reported(JsonDocumentBuffer, sizeOfJsonDocumentBuffer, 2, &temperatureHandler,
                                             &windowActuator);
            if(SUCCESS == rc) {
                rc = aws_iot_finalize_json_document(JsonDocumentBuffer, sizeOfJsonDocumentBuffer);
                if(SUCCESS == rc) {
                    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Update Shadow: %s", JsonDocumentBuffer);
                    rc = aws_iot_shadow_update(&mqttClient, CONFIG_AWS_EXAMPLE_THING_NAME, JsonDocumentBuffer,
                                               ShadowUpdateStatusCallback, NULL, 4, true);
                    shadowUpdateInProgress = true;
                }
            }
        }
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "*****************************************************************************************");
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Stack remaining for task '%s' is %d bytes", pcTaskGetTaskName(NULL), uxTaskGetStackHighWaterMark(NULL));
        */

        if(reportBack){
            reportBack = false;

            rc = aws_iot_shadow_init_json_document(JsonDocumentBuffer, sizeOfJsonDocumentBuffer);
            if(SUCCESS == rc) {
                rc = aws_iot_shadow_add_reported(JsonDocumentBuffer, sizeOfJsonDocumentBuffer, 2,
                                                    &temperatureHandler,
                                                    &windowActuator);
                if(SUCCESS == rc) {
                    rc = aws_iot_shadow_add_desired(JsonDocumentBuffer, sizeOfJsonDocumentBuffer, 2,
                                                    &temperatureHandler,
                                                    &windowActuator);
                    if(SUCCESS == rc) {
                        rc = aws_iot_finalize_json_document(JsonDocumentBuffer, sizeOfJsonDocumentBuffer);
                        if(SUCCESS == rc) {
                            ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Update Shadow: %s", JsonDocumentBuffer);
                            rc = aws_iot_shadow_update(&mqttClient, CONFIG_AWS_EXAMPLE_THING_NAME, JsonDocumentBuffer,
                                                       ShadowUpdateStatusCallback, NULL, 4, true);
                            shadowUpdateInProgress = true;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        vTaskDelay(1000 / portTICK_RATE_MS);
    }

    if(SUCCESS != rc) {
        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "An error occurred in the loop %d", rc);
    }

    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Disconnecting");
    rc = aws_iot_shadow_disconnect(&mqttClient);

    if(SUCCESS != rc) {
        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Disconnect error %d", rc);
    }

    esp_restart();

    vTaskDelete(NULL);
}

static void initialise_wifi(void)
{
    tcpip_adapter_init();
    wifi_event_group = xEventGroupCreate();
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK( esp_event_loop_init(event_handler, NULL) );
    wifi_init_config_t cfg = WIFI_INIT_CONFIG_DEFAULT();
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK( esp_wifi_init(&cfg) );
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK( esp_wifi_set_storage(WIFI_STORAGE_RAM) );
    wifi_config_t wifi_config = {
        .sta = {
            .ssid = EXAMPLE_WIFI_SSID,
            .password = EXAMPLE_WIFI_PASS,
        },
    };
    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Setting WiFi configuration SSID %s...", wifi_config.sta.ssid);
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK( esp_wifi_set_mode(WIFI_MODE_STA) );
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK( esp_wifi_set_config(WIFI_IF_STA, &wifi_config) );
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK( esp_wifi_start() );
}


void app_main()
{
    esp_err_t err = nvs_flash_init();
    if (err == ESP_ERR_NVS_NO_FREE_PAGES || err == ESP_ERR_NVS_NEW_VERSION_FOUND) {
        ESP_ERROR_CHECK(nvs_flash_erase());
        err = nvs_flash_init();
    }
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK( err );

    initialise_wifi();
    /* Temporarily pin task to core, due to FPU uncertainty */
    xTaskCreatePinnedToCore(&aws_iot_task, "aws_iot_task", 9216, NULL, 5, NULL, 1);
}

[chegewara]

Try to add disconnect callback, maybe you will get info here: sp.disconnectHandler = NULL;

[tobyloki]

@chegewara I tried doing that, but the callback was never triggered.

void disconnectCallback() {
    printf("\n\nHI I am disconnected\n\n");
}
-----------------
sp.disconnectHandler = disconnectCallback;

[shahpiyushv]

@gearsmotion789 is your problem similar to this: https://github.com/aws/aws-iot-device-sdk-embedded-C/issues/161?

[tobyloki]

@shahpiyushv It could be possible, but I don't see a disconnect or reconnect according to the monitor - is there a way to modify the code so I could see this happening?

[tobyloki]

@shahpiyushv I believe that it is the same issue. I have changed keepAliveIntervalInSec from 600 to 65 in aws_iot_shadow.c and I no longer see this problem. However, I wanted to ask if there are any negatives to doing this (e.g more frequent polling of AWS IoT = more $$$ - see https://aws.amazon.com/iot-core/pricing/)? Is there a better solution than doing this?

[shahpiyushv]

@gearsmotion789 there is no impact on cost as AWS pricing is based on MQTT messages and connection time, not the exchange of keep-alive messages. Meanwhile, can you check for a slightly larger value, say 300 seconds?

[tobyloki]

@shahpiyushv Thanks. So I wanted to understand why this problem happened. It seems the device resets the keepAliveIntervalInSec (so it doesn't disconnect) whenever AWS IoT receives a PUBLISH, SUBSCRIBE, PING, or PUBACK message from the client according to https://github.com/awslabs/aws-iot-device-sdk-cpp-v2/issues/10. When does this happen in my code & at what interval? - why did it fail when keepAliveIntervalInSec = 600?

[shahpiyushv]

@gearsmotion789 , even I do not really understand why the issue occurs for 600 seconds and that too only on specific networks. If there is an issue with the network, which blocks the keep alive, it should have failed for any other interval as well.

[azilberbaum]

Does anyone have any updates on this issue?