Improve OTA error messages adding return codes

[IgnacioHR]

What does this implement/fix?

During OTA update of an ESP32S3 I found out the OTA process fails and no proper errors to debug were found.

This code adds information to the OTA process so we can better now what's going on under the hoods.

Types of changes

• [ ] Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• [ X] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• [ ] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• [ ] Other

Related issue or feature (if applicable): fixes

Pull request in esphome-docs with documentation (if applicable): esphome/esphome-docs#<esphome-docs PR number goes here>

Test Environment

• [ x] ESP32
• [ x] ESP32 IDF
• [ x] ESP8266

Checklist:

• [x ] The code change is tested and works locally.
• [ ] Tests have been added to verify that the new code works (under tests/ folder).

If user exposed functionality or configuration variables are added/changed:

• [ ] Documentation added/updated in esphome-docs.

[probot-esphome[bot]]

Hey there @esphome/core, mind taking a look at this pull request as it has been labeled with an integration (ota) you are listed as a code owner for? Thanks! _{^{(message by CodeOwnersMention)}}