[hdc302x] New component docs

[joshuasing]

Description:

Adds documentation for HDC302x temperature and relative humidity sensor component.

Related issue (if applicable): N/A

Pull request in esphome with YAML changes (if applicable):

• esphome/esphome#10160

Checklist:

• [x] I am merging into next because this is new documentation that has a matching pull-request in esphome as linked above.
  or

• [ ] I am merging into current because this is a fix, change and/or adjustment in the current documentation and is not for a new component or feature.

• [x] Link added in /components/index.rst when creating new documents for new components or cookbook.

New Component Images

If you are adding a new component to ESPHome, you can automatically generate a standardized black and white component name image for the documentation.

To generate a component image:

1. Comment on this pull request with the following command, replacing COMPONENT_NAME with your component name in UPPER_CASE format with underscores (e.g., BME280, SHT3X, DALLAS_TEMP):

   @esphomebot generate image COMPONENT_NAME
   

2. The ESPHome bot will respond with a downloadable ZIP file containing the SVG image.

3. Extract the SVG file and place it in the images/ folder of this repository.

4. Use the image in your component's index table entry in /components/index.rst.

Example: For a component called "DHT22 Temperature Sensor", use:

@esphomebot generate image DHT22

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[github-actions[bot]]

There hasn't been any activity on this pull request recently. This pull request has been automatically marked as stale because of that and will be closed if no further activity occurs within 7 days. Thank you for your contributions.

[joshuasing]

Hi, sorry for the delay. I will have this ready to review again hopefully this week or over the weekend.