Update installing_esphome.rst to mention git for extern. components

[shvmm]

Description:

include a mention of installing git in notes for using external components Also minor touchup of the overall guide

• Mentioned Python version bumped from 3.9 to 3.10
• ESPHome version mentioned bumped to 2025.5.2

Related issue (if applicable): fixes NONE

Pull request in esphome with YAML changes (if applicable): NONE

• esphome/esphome#<esphome PR number goes here> NONE

Checklist:

• [ ] I am merging into next because this is new documentation that has a matching pull-request in esphome as linked above.
  or

• [x] I am merging into current because this is a fix, change and/or adjustment in the current documentation and is not for a new component or feature.

• [ ] Link added in /components/index.rst when creating new documents for new components or cookbook.

[coderabbitai[bot]]

Walkthrough

The ESPHome installation guide was updated with newer ESPHome version examples, raised minimum Python version requirements from 3.9 to 3.10, removed command prompt symbols from example commands, rephrased caution notes, and added a new note advising Windows users to install Git for external components with a download link.

Changes

File(s)	Change Summary
guides/installing_esphome.rst	Updated ESPHome and Python version examples; removed command prompt symbols from commands; rephrased caution notes; added Git install note with link for Windows users; reformatted troubleshooting notes.

Possibly related PRs

• esphome/esphome-docs#4516: Updates macOS installation instructions in the same documentation file, clarifying commands and updating version numbers.

Suggested reviewers

• clydebarrow

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