Added documentation for checking keys in JSON

[ChadMatsalla]

Description:

Add docs for keys that are absent from JSON. Checking for the key prevents large stack traces due to null pointer exception.

Checklist:

• [ ] I am merging into next because this is new documentation that has a matching pull-request in esphome as linked above.
  or

• [X] I am merging into current because this is a fix, change and/or adjustment in the current documentation and is not for a new component or feature.

• [ ] Link added in /index.rst when creating new documents for new components or cookbook.

[coderabbitai[bot]]

Walkthrough

The pull request enhances the documentation for the http_request component in ESPHome by adding a new example that demonstrates how to safely check for the existence of the "vol" key in a JSON response to prevent null pointer exceptions. Additionally, a new documentation file for the json component is introduced, detailing its functionality for parsing and building JSON data. The overall documentation has been reformatted for improved clarity, ensuring consistent indentation and structure while maintaining the focus on configuration variables and actions associated with the components.

Changes

File	Change Summary
components/http_request.rst	Added a new example for checking the existence of the "vol" key in a JSON response; reformatted documentation for clarity.
components/json.rst	New documentation file created detailing the functionality for parsing and building JSON data, including examples and SEO metadata.
index.rst	Added a new entry for the JSON component in the ESPHome documentation.

Possibly related PRs

• #4013: This PR addresses issues with the generation of components.json, which may relate to the overall documentation structure and references that could impact how JSON handling is documented in the main PR.
• #4080: The documentation improvements in this PR for the remote_transmitter component may share similar documentation practices and clarity enhancements that align with the main PR's focus on JSON response handling.
• #4350: Although primarily focused on fixing a link, this PR's context within the documentation structure could relate to how JSON components are referenced in the main PR.
• #4357: This changelog update may indirectly relate to the main PR by providing context on changes that could affect JSON handling in the broader framework.
• #4372: Enhancements to contribution guidelines may influence how documentation, including JSON handling, is structured and presented in the main PR.

Suggested reviewers

• nagyrobi

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