[dsmr] Add internal 'telegram' text_sensor to support bridging

[quokka2020]

Description:

By creating an internal telegram text_sensor it's possible to forward the telegram to another uart (P1 bridge) or simply log it.

Related issue (if applicable): fixes

Pull request in esphome with YAML changes (if applicable): esphome/esphome#6841

Checklist:

• [X] I am merging into next because this is new documentation that has a matching pull-request in esphome as linked above.
  or

• [ ] I am merging into current because this is a fix, change and/or adjustment in the current documentation and is not for a new component or feature.

• [ ] Link added in /index.rst when creating new documents for new components or cookbook.

[coderabbitai[bot]]

Walkthrough

The recent changes to the components/sensor/dsmr.rst documentation introduce new configuration variables for the telegram text sensor, including mandatory and optional fields. Additionally, a new section is added detailing how to configure bridging support and raw telegram logging, allowing for the use of multiple UARTs to share and log DSMR telegrams.

Changes

File Path	Change Summary
components/sensor/dsmr.rst	Added new configuration variables for telegram text sensor and a section on bridging support/raw telegram logging.

Sequence Diagram(s) (Beta)

sequenceDiagram
    participant User
    participant DSMR_Sensor
    participant UART
    participant P1_Bridge_UART

    User->>DSMR_Sensor: Configure telegram variables
    DSMR_Sensor->>UART: Read telegram data
    UART-->>DSMR_Sensor: Provide telegram data
    DSMR_Sensor->>P1_Bridge_UART: Forward telegram data
    P1_Bridge_UART-->>DSMR_Sensor: Acknowledge receipt
    DSMR_Sensor-->>User: Log telegram data

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[github-actions[bot]]

There hasn't been any activity on this pull request recently. This pull request has been automatically marked as stale because of that and will be closed if no further activity occurs within 7 days. Thank you for your contributions.

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