Add SHT2X (again)

[dmaasland]

Description:

This is the second attempt of my PR from here: https://github.com/esphome/esphome-docs/pull/3314. Before that was merged I made the mistake of clicking "Sync fork" in the GitHub UI and it basically removed all my changes.

Apologies for the double work :(. Here is my second attempt

Pull request in esphome with YAML changes (if applicable): esphome/esphome#5635

Checklist:

• [x] I am merging into next because this is new documentation that has a matching pull-request in esphome as linked above.
  or

• [ ] I am merging into current because this is a fix, change and/or adjustment in the current documentation and is not for a new component or feature.

• [ ] Link added in /index.rst when creating new documents for new components or cookbook.

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[github-actions[bot]]

There hasn't been any activity on this pull request recently. This pull request has been automatically marked as stale because of that and will be closed if no further activity occurs within 7 days. Thank you for your contributions.

[dmaasland]

Anything I can do to get this merged? :)

[github-actions[bot]]

There hasn't been any activity on this pull request recently. This pull request has been automatically marked as stale because of that and will be closed if no further activity occurs within 7 days. Thank you for your contributions.