Add support for timing budget with vl53l0x sensor.

[bridavis]

Description:

Add support for timing budget with vl53l0x sensor.

Pull request in esphome with YAML changes (if applicable): esphome/esphome#3732

Checklist:

• [x] Branch: next is for changes and new documentation that will go public with the next ESPHome release. Fixes, changes and adjustments for the current release should be created against current.
• [ ] Link added in /index.rst when creating new documents for new components or cookbook.

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[github-actions[bot]]

There hasn't been any activity on this pull request recently. This pull request has been automatically marked as stale because of that and will be closed if no further activity occurs within 7 days. Thank you for your contributions.