Update PID Climate with deadband and sampling

[patrickcollins12]

Description:

This change to PID Climate matches a similar pull request on the PID code. I'm outlining a couple new features on PID Climate:

• Output Sampling - for smoothing output values.
• Derivative Sampling - for calming jumpy derivative values.
• Deadband
  • Specifying deadband threshold
  • Deadband Gain control
  • Deadband Output Sampling

Pull request in esphome with YAML changes (if applicable): esphome/esphome#3254

Checklist:

• [x] Branch: next is for changes and new documentation that will go public with the next ESPHome release. Fixes, changes and adjustments for the current release should be created against current.
• [ ] Link added in /index.rst when creating new documents for new components or cookbook.

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[github-actions[bot]]

There hasn't been any activity on this pull request recently. This pull request has been automatically marked as stale because of that and will be closed if no further activity occurs within 7 days. Thank you for your contributions.

[mmakaay]

Reopened as requested on Discord.