e2e: add test for jwt claim base routing

[zirain]

Fixes: https://github.com/envoyproxy/gateway/issues/2690

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 63.42%. Comparing base (6d8337e) to head (5889a46).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2712      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   63.34%   63.42%   +0.08%     
==========================================
  Files         123      123              
  Lines       19979    19979              
==========================================
+ Hits        12655    12671      +16     
+ Misses       6513     6500      -13     
+ Partials      811      808       -3     

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[zirain]

/retest