Type Inference Prototype

[radeusgd]

A group ticket to track high-level roadmap for the type inference prototype.

• [x] Basic type propagation, starting from literals and atom constructors through typed local function calls #8590
  • [ ] PR #8652 - ready but waiting on #9361 to be able to be integrated.
• [ ] Propagating through method calls on types #9812
• [ ] Handling of default arguments
  • Needed because most of our standard library methods have default arguments, so a type inference that bails out in presence of defaults is rather useless.
  • [ ] Handling of named arguments, possibly done together or split off.
• [ ] We could consider introducing a warning on discarded non-Nothing values if we infer such cases: #5431
• [ ] Send inferred types to the IDE before the result is yet computed to improve node coloring etc.
• [ ] Handling of Conversions
  • Needed to be able to actually report type-errors (as warnings).
  • [ ] Reporting type warnings.

### Tasks
- [ ] https://github.com/enso-org/enso/issues/8590
- [ ] https://github.com/enso-org/enso/issues/9812