Updates don't enable new kernel, boot parameters without effect

[Letterus]

What Happened?

I ran all updates, but it's always the old kernel which is booted. The newest is installed, but not selected. Also, when I add boot parameters to /etc/default/grub they don't end up in grub and thus show no effect.

Don't know if this is the right repo for system update issues?

Steps to Reproduce

Also see https://github.com/elementary/gala/issues/2023#issuecomment-2323460734

Expected Behavior

New kernel should be loaded, boot parameters should be applied.

OS Version

8.x (Early Access)

Software Version

Latest release (I have run all updates)

Log Output

$ uname -a
Linux XinkPad280 6.8.0-40-generic #40-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Jul  5 10:34:03 UTC 2024 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
$ ls -la /boot/
insgesamt 186588
drwxr-xr-x  5 root root     4096 Sep 12 07:39 .
drwxr-xr-x 21 root root     4096 Sep 12 10:40 ..
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   287442 Jul  5 10:31 config-6.8.0-40-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root   287493 Aug 13 12:20 config-6.8.0-44-generic
drwx------  3 root root     4096 Jan  1  1970 efi
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root     4096 Sep 12 07:39 grub
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root       27 Sep 11 17:58 initrd.img -> initrd.img-6.8.0-44-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 71222640 Sep  2 10:35 initrd.img-6.8.0-40-generic
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 71193861 Sep 11 17:58 initrd.img-6.8.0-44-generic
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root       27 Sep 12 07:38 initrd.img.old -> initrd.img-6.8.0-40-generic
drwx------  2 root root    16384 Aug 13 19:42 lost+found
-rw-------  1 root root  9058665 Jul  5 10:31 System.map-6.8.0-40-generic
-rw-------  1 root root  9061992 Aug 13 12:20 System.map-6.8.0-44-generic
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root       24 Sep 11 17:58 vmlinuz -> vmlinuz-6.8.0-44-generic
-rw-------  1 root root 14944648 Jul  5 11:12 vmlinuz-6.8.0-40-generic
-rw-------  1 root root 14956936 Aug 13 12:22 vmlinuz-6.8.0-44-generic
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root       24 Sep 12 07:38 vmlinuz.old -> vmlinuz-6.8.0-40-generic

No errors.

Hardware Info

Lenovo Thinkpad X280, secure boot enabled